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The thermal properties of the aromatic fibres Arselon, Arselon-C, Arimid, and Armos, as-spun and heattreated are investigated using methods of thermomechanical and dynamic thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. According to the TMA data, Arselon, Arselon-C, Arimid, and heat-treated Armos fibres retain size stability up to 400°C. Shrinkage is no more than 1-2%. As-spun Armos fibres lengthen insignificantly (under 7%). The temperature characteristics of aromatic fibres obtained by TGA and DSC show that thermooxidative degradation markedly begins only at temperatures above 390-400°C.Thermostable aromatic fibres and the textiles made from them are widely used in manufacture of articles for occupational protection: special clothing for rescuers, firemen, metallurgists, workers in the petroleum and petrochemical industry, and for manufacture of thermostable filter materials, thermal and electrical insulation, and other articles [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8].During manufacture, processing, and use, thermostable fibres, fibre materials, and articles made from them are exposed to intensive thermal effects which alter their structure and properties as a function of the temperature, duration of exposure, composition of the environment, and other factors. The occurrence of these changes is correlated with the temperature characteristics of the materials: temperatures of relaxation and phase transitions, thermochemical transformations.The thermal characteristics of para-aramid fibres were analyzed in [2,3,9]. Thermal degradation of Oxalon polyoxazole fibres is examined in [10]. These and other studies were conducted by different methods, so that in many cases, the results obtained differ significantly, and there is no published comparative analysis of the thermal characteristics of different thermostable fibres/thread using the same instruments and methods.The manufacturing processes for thermostable fibres are improving, and new modifications of thermostable fibres are appearing.

677.494.022.6: 687.03 and R. A. MakarovaWe consider the effect of moisture content on strength characteristics of composite sewing threads which are used for fabrication of technical textile articles. The proposed structure of the non-uniform sewing threads and the study results showed the effect of moisture on the strength of the threads. We established that even after prolonged exposure to water and temperature, the strength of the threads is sufficient for use of the finished articles.In the Spinning Department of A. N. Kosygin Moscow State Textile University, a technology has been developed for obtaining composite sewing threads which can be used for fabrication of articles used under life-threatening conditions: in such areas as metallurgy, fire fighting, oil production, in extreme situations, and under military conditions. The sewing thread identification codes are: 120 KShN KR-KA (composite sewing thread consisting of rusar multifilament yarn 29.4 tex and arselon multifilament yarn 29.4 tex) and 120 KShN KR-PrA (composite sewing thread consisting of rusar multifilament yarn 29.4 tex and arselon yarn 29.0 tex). Various technological requirements are imposed on the sewing threads (Table 1) depending on the intended purpose of the textile articles [1,2].During use of the textile articles, the sewing threads are exposed to both mechanical effects and the effects of weather (atmospheric effects). Mechanical effects on the thread include friction on surfaces of different hardnesses, transverse and longitudinal loads, etc. The effects of weather include weathering effects, the effect of ambient temperature, and also the effect of humidity (water and aqueous media). The latter occurs not only during use of the articles but also while they are stored.We should point out that the arselon fiber used to manufacture the sewing threads has high hygroscopicity (Fig. 1). We know that the functionality and reliability in use of articles of clothing depends on the level of hygroscopicity, and so the question of the interaction between moisture and filaments or fiber materials is extremely important.Based on the above considerations, we conducted studies of the effect of moisture on the strength properties of composite sewing threads with identification codes 120 KShN KR-KA and 120 KShN KR-PrA compared with rusar sewing thread. The tests on the sewing threads were conducted with brief (a) and prolonged (b) exposure to moisture. a) A thread of length 1 m was unwound from the packages and immersed in distilled water for a time ranging from 2 minutes to 10 minutes. Then the thread was aged on the filter paper for 15 seconds, after which the physical and mechanical tests were conducted on it. Each test was conducted for 30 seconds max, starting from the time the thread was removed from the water. The thread was put in a clamp under a tension half that used when testing it under standard conditions [3].The unit breaking load for the threads (P y , cN/tex) was calculated according to the following formula:where P aw is the actual ...

Comparative studies of the thermal characteristics of aromatic fibres (Arselon, Arselon-S, Fenilon, Armos, Arimid PM) in air and nitrogen medium were conducted with TGA and DTA. TGA and DTA showed that the heterocyclic fibers Arimid PM and Armos have the highest thermal stability in air and nitrogen medium and Arselon and Arselon-S fibres are slightly inferior to them, but they in turn have much higher thermal characteristics than Fenilon. In nitrogen medium, all of the investigated aromatic fibres form coke residue, attaining 60% for Arimid, 57-62% for Armos and Fenilon, and 46-53% for Arselon and Arselon-S.Exposure to high temperatures causes a complicated set of chemical transformations which are a function of the environment in thermostable aromatic fibres. Thermooxidative processes take place in oxidizing medium (in air), thermal degradation reactions predominate in neutral medium (in nitrogen or a vacuum), while pyrolysis takes place at higher temperatures in neutral medium with formation of coke residue.In previous publications [1-3], thermooxidative degradation of different kinds of thermostable aromatic fibres/yarns polyoxadiazole, polyimide, polyamide in air medium was compared. The research was continued to compare thermal degradation both in air and in inert medium (nitrogen) to more completely understand the mechanism of the thermal transformations in these fibres, as this would allow evaluating the role of atmospheric oxygen in the reactions that take place. Studies using thermogravimetric analysis in a vacuum were conducted for polyoxadiazole fibres in [4], but we were unable to find any published comparative analysis with other thermostable fibres.We investigated and compared the thermal properties of aromatic thermostable fibres/yarns in air and in nitrogen medium. The following samples of thermostable fibres were selected for the studies: polyoxadiazole Arselon (previously called Oxalon) and Arselon-S (light-stabilized), para-aramid Armos, meta-aramid Fenilon, and polyimide Arimid PM. The fundamental physicomechanical properties of the samples are reported in Table 1.The temperature characteristics of the fibres were investigated by thermogravimetric (TGA) and differential thermal (DTA) analysis.The thermal analysis was conducted with a PaulikPaulikErdey system Q-1500 D derivatograph. The initial temperature of the tests was 23°C. The final temperature in the test in air was determined in burning or completion of pyrolysis of the samples. In testing in nitrogen, it attained 700°C (carbonization is essentially completed below this temperature and no weight change is observed in the samples). The temperature elevation rate was 5°C/min.In assessing the thermal transformations in the fibres investigated, the following characteristic points were determined with the TGA and DTA data (Fig. 1): onset of intensive decomposition based on TGA curves (point of intersection of tangents to curve segments before and after inflection) T 1 ; temperature of completion of degradation in air based on DTA curves T 2...