Acute urine retention is a frequent complication in patients with benign hyperplasia of the prostate gland. According to studies made on experimental animals and people, it is accompanied by the deterioration of the bladder blood supply. This study attempts to explore the relationship of intramural blood flow, production of reactive oxygen species, and functional state of the bladder detrusor in modeling of acute urine retention in rats, as well as the impact of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants (which are supposed to alleviate the effects of oxidative stress induced by experimental ischemia) on these parameters. The study showed beneficial effects of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQR1 in preventing damage of the bladder caused by acute urinary retention, which suggests the therapeutic use of this type of compounds for the treatment of ischemic abnormalities of the urinary bladder.

High-resolution impedancometry and harmonic (Fourier) analysis of variable component of bioimpedance revealed rhythmic oscillations of urinary bladder bioimpedance at the Mayer wave, respiration, and heartbeat frequencies. The power values of the corresponding Mayer, respiratory, and cardiac peaks were calculated to assess circulation in the urinary bladder wall and its autonomic nervous control at various stages of infusion cystometry in intact rats and in the rats with preliminary formed infravesical obstruction (IVO). In intact rats, filling of the bladder with physiological saline diminished the power of the first (fundamental) cardiac peak attesting to a decrease of the blood flow in the bladder wall. Simultaneously, the power of low-frequency Mayer peak reflecting sympathetic activity increased, while the power of respiratory peak decreased supposedly reflecting abatement of the parasympathetic influences. Bladder voiding was accompanied by a decrease of Mayer peak and increase of the respiratory one. Prior to infusion cystometry, the intravesical pressure in IVO rats was elevated while the power of fundamental cardiac peak was below the control value. Filling the bladder in these rats was accompanied by further decrease of the cardiac peak reflecting still greater drop in blood supply. In control rats, voiding the bladder normalized the vesical circulation assessed by the cardiac peak, while in IVO rats this peak remained decreased. The reciprocal changes of Mayer and respiratory peaks observed during infusion cystometry in the norm were replaced by unidirectional decrease in the power of both peaks in IVO rats, which probably attest to disturbance of autonomic nervous control in the hypertrophic urinary bladder in these rats.

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The article analyzes the data of 414 patients with scrotal and testicular injuries treated in 2008–2017 by the forces of urgent andrologic service in Moscow.More than 90% of patients who applied for injury to the scrotum and testicle were under the age of 60 years. In peacetime, in the conditions of the metropolis (Moscow) in the vast majority of cases there is a blunt (without breaking the integrity of the skin) injury of the scrotum and testicle (a total of 89.4%). Of these, 77.3% are blunt sports and domestic injury of the testicle of varying severity with a pronounced predominance of relatively light injuries, in particular, the bruise of the testicle. Open injuries are relatively rare-a total of 10.6%. Among open injuries, ruptures of the scrotum without damage to its organs are predominate (63.6% of the total number of patients who applied for open wounds of the scrotum and its organs).The need for emergency surgical interventions in scrotal injury was unexpectedly low-53.1%, which is due to the predominance of mild trauma options – scrotal injury and testicular injury (a total of 61.4% in the frequency of urological care), in certain situations allowing the possibility of conservative treatment or even dynamic observation.

A novel technique to assess electric activity of the whole nerve in situ is advanced based on har monic analysis of impedance microvariations of femoral nerve in narcotized rats recorded with extracellular electrodes. The amplitude spectrum of nerve bioimpedance (Z spectrum) made it possible to determine the level of neural asynchronous activity in the frequency band of 20-600 Hz with amplitude resolution of 1% and to reveal the rhythmic activity at Mayer (0.1 Hz) and respiration frequencies with amplitude resolution of 0.1%. Systemic administration of atropine used to shift the sympathovagal balance in favor of sympathetic system increased both rhythmic and unrhythmic (asynchronous) neural activity. The study demonstrated that harmonic analysis of nerve bioimpedance is a novel and potent tool to assess neural activity in the fre quency domain.

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