Context: Yinzhihuang oral liquid, a well-known Chinese herbal formula, is a clinical drug for the treatment of neonatal jaundice, and a number of clinical trials have been published addressing this issue, but there is no comprehensive analysis that evaluates its efficacy for the treatment of newborn with hyperbilirubinaemia.Objective: A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Yinzhihuang oral liquid on neonatal jaundice.Methods: Search was performed throughout PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Ovid, Wanfang, VIP Medicine Information System (VMIS) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases up to December 2015. The search terms were (Yinzhihuang oral liquid or Yinzhihuang oral solution), (neonatal jaundice or neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia), and (efficacy). Review Manager 5.2 software was used for analyzing the data. Data were pooled by using the random-effects models and expressed as relative ratio (RR), standardized mean difference (SMD) or mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The Cochrane tool was applied to assess the risk of bias of the trials.Results: Yinzhihuang oral liquid in conjunction with other therapy increased effective rate of neonatal jaundice therapy (RR =1.14, 95%CI: 1.08–1.20). Yinzhihuang oral liquid significantly eliminated overproduced bilirubin which was measured by TSB or TCB at the third day and fifth day during the treatment {[third day, SMD = −1.63, 95%CI: −2.20 to (−1.06)], [fifth day, SMD = −5.00, 95%CI: −7.88 to (−2.12)]}; Yinzhihuang oral liquid significantly shortened jaundice subsiding time [MD = −3.20, 95%CI: −6.01to (−0.39)].Conclusion: Yinzhihuang oral liquid can be considered as an effective treatment option for neonatal jaundice.
ABSTRACT. Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury often triggers ventricular arrhythmia. Citrate binds calcium ions, forming a soluble calcium citrate complex that may reduce I/R injury by affecting calcium ion concentration. We tested the effects of citrate pretreatment on ventricular heart rate and related factors in a rat I/R model. Fifty male Sprague Dawley rats weighing 350-400 g were randomly divided into equally sized control (A), model (B), and 0.1 M (C), 0.05 M (D), and 0.025 M (E) citrate groups. An I/R model was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. Serum calcium ion concentration was measured before and after citrate treatment. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and spectrophotometry were used to determine infarction area and caspase-3 protein levels in myocardial tissue, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction was performed to test myocardial calmodulin (CAM) expression. The frequency of ventricular arrhythmia in group B was significantly higher than in the sham surgery group (P < 0.05). Citrate pretreatment resulted in lower and higher frequencies than those observed in the model and control groups, respectively, in a dose-independent manner. The most obvious reduction in ventricular arrhythmia was seen in Group D. Serum calcium ion concentration decreased markedly after citrate treatment (P < 0.05), with a specific pattern emerging over time. Infarction area and caspase-3 and CAM levels were significantly lower in the citrate groups compared with the model group (P < 0.05). Citrate can reduce myocardial cell apoptosis, alleviating ventricular arrhythmia and protecting the myocardium by reducing serum calcium ion concentration and downregulating caspase-3 and CAM expression.
AimsPostoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication associated with poor outcome. Our previous study has shown that living with familiar observers in the same cage reduces anxiety of mice with surgery. Anxiety can impair learning and memory. Thus, this study was designed to determine whether living with familiar observers attenuated the dysfunction of learning and memory of mice with surgery.MethodsSix‐ to eight‐week‐old CD‐1 male mice or 18‐month‐old C57BL/6 male mice had left carotid artery exposure under isoflurane anesthesia. They lived with non‐surgery male mice at 2 (number of surgery mice) to 3 (number of non‐surgery mice) ratio or with other surgery mice. Mice were subjected to light and dark box test 3 days after surgery to measure their anxiety levels and novel object recognition and fear conditioning tests from 5 days after surgery to measure their learning and memory. Blood and brain were harvested for biochemical analysis.ResultsLiving with familiar observers that lived with surgery mice for at least 2 weeks before the surgery and then after surgery reduced the anxiety and dysfunction of learning and memory in young adult male mice. Living with unfamiliar observers that lived with surgery mice after the surgery but not before the surgery did not have those effects on the mice with surgery. Living with familiar observers attenuated learning and memory dysfunction after surgery also in old male mice. Living with familiar observers attenuated inflammatory response in the blood and brain and the activation of the lateral habenula (LHb)‐ventral tegmental area (VTA) neural circuitry, which has been shown to be important for POCD. Wound infiltration with bupivacaine attenuated the activation of LHb‐VTA.ConclusionThese results suggest that living with familiar observers attenuates POCD and neuroinflammation, possibly via inhibiting the activation of the LHb‐VTA neural circuitry.
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