Accelerating the diabetes-related chronic wounds healing is a long-sought-after goal in diabetes management. However, the therapeutic strategies based on antibiotic or catalysts still face great challenges to break the limitations...
The
growth relationship between exosomes (EXOs) and the host cells
is highly desired for tumor evaluations, which puts forward high demand
on the accurate and convenient acquisition of their individual quantitative
information. However, the tedious and destructive separation process
and the requirement of dual-channel detection make it become an extremely
challenging task. Herein, we integrated an enzymatic biofuel cell
(EBFC)-powered biosensor with a flow cell-supported membrane separation
device (FMSC) to develop a continuous separation and detection platform
for EXOs and host cancer cells in human serum. The FMSC equipped with
an aluminum oxide membrane served as a size-dependent sorting unit
to nondestructively extract EXOs from human serum within 5 min, representing
a 99.3% reduction in isolating time compared to ultracentrifugation.
The EBFC-powered biosensors modified with different aptamers on anodes
and cathodes were used as a dual-channel sensing unit. By regulating
the controlling valves of different fluid passages, the extracted
EXOs and residual host cells could be successively inputted into EBFC-powered
biosensors, which generated a segmental degradation in output performance
due to the EXO-and host cell-caused increase in the steric hindrance
of anodes and cathodes, respectively. Based on these degradations,
we obtained the quantitative information of EXOs and host cells with
a record-breaking sensitivity (EXOs: 5.59 × 103 particles/mL
and host cells: 25 cells/mL). Moreover, the growth relationship between
EXOs and host cells was also built, which would be beneficial for
the disclosure of the growth state or even more detailed biology information
of tumor.
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