Bioremediation of heavy metal ions by phosphate‐mineralization bacteria (PMB), as a new green and en‐ vironmental method, relies on microbe‐inducing phosphate precipitation and can prevent heavy metal ions from transferring. The growth of PMB was investigated via four aspects respectively — the control of incubation time, pH value, environmental conditions, and heavy metal ions. At the same time, phosphatemineralization precipitations and mechanism of four common kinds of heavy metal ions were analyzed. The experimental results indicated that PMB didn’t grow immediately in the first 5 hours, and they reached to the fastest reproduction rate after 13 hours. The pH value of PMB solution increased gradually from 7.0 to 8.6 when PM0B grew, which plays an important role in the mineralization process. PMB could grow most rapidly at 30 °C, pH of 8 and low concentration of heavy metal ions. It showed that too high or too low temperature and pH, as well as high concentration of heavy metal ions, could inhibit the reproduction of PMB. Stable and large particles phosphate‐mineralization precipitation, whose particle size could be more than 10 microns, were obtained by the process that PMB induced substrate to decompose and thus mineralized heavy metal ions effectively.
This chapter presents a new method for treatment of heavy metal ions in soil or water. Heavy metal pollution in soil and water has become one of the serious environmental problems. Heavy metal pollution can degrade soil quality and ecosystems, contaminate crops, and threaten human health. At present, there are three ways to repair heavy metals in soil or water, including physical, chemical, and biological technologies. The microbial mineralization technology can be applied to remove heavy metal pollutants which contaminated soil and water and has been paid with more attention in recent years. Heavy metal ions can be mineralized by phosphate-mineralization microbe to form stable phosphate nanomaterials compared to mineralization of carbonate-mineralization microbe in the environments. Therefore, heavy metal pollution can well be removed from soil or water by microbial mineralization method.
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