Phosphate-Mineralization Microbe Repairs Heavy Metal Ions That Formed Nanomaterials in Soil and Water

Abstract

This chapter presents a new method for treatment of heavy metal ions in soil or water. Heavy metal pollution in soil and water has become one of the serious environmental problems. Heavy metal pollution can degrade soil quality and ecosystems, contaminate crops, and threaten human health. At present, there are three ways to repair heavy metals in soil or water, including physical, chemical, and biological technologies. The microbial mineralization technology can be applied to remove heavy metal pollutants which contaminated soil and water and has been paid with more attention in recent years. Heavy metal ions can be mineralized by phosphate-mineralization microbe to form stable phosphate nanomaterials compared to mineralization of carbonate-mineralization microbe in the environments. Therefore, heavy metal pollution can well be removed from soil or water by microbial mineralization method.

Investigation of the synergistic effect of red phosphorus and magnesium hydroxide on the thermal degradation behavior and flame resistance of the intumescent fire‐retardant polypropylene system

“…For the composite heat‐treated at 700°C for 30 min, there is an appearance of [PO 3 ] symmetric stretching at 986 cm −1 and [P‐O] asymmetric stretching vibrations at 1043 cm −1 in the FTIR spectrum 50–53 . Furthermore, the XRD pattern reveals a presence of more crystalline magnesium phosphate species in the residue, including Mg(PO 3 ) 2, Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , and α ‐Mg 2 P 2 O 7 .…”

“…However, after heating to 900°C, the disappearance of the Mg‐OH bonds and a shift of Mg‐O bonds from 462 cm −1 to about 432 cm −1 in the FTIR spectra of the composites, indicating the dehydration of Mg(OH) 2 to magnesia. Besides, new bands at 1105, 1050, 981, and 589–626 cm −1 are observed, which are assigned to [PO 3 ] asymmetric stretching, [P‐O] asymmetric stretching, [PO 3 ] symmetric stretching, and [PO 4 ] bending vibrations, 50–53 respectively. The result demonstrates the formation of the magnesium phosphate compounds in the degraded residues.…”

“…asymmetric stretching vibrations at 1043 cm À1 in the FTIR spectrum. [50][51][52][53] Furthermore, the XRD pattern reveals a presence of more crystalline magnesium phosphate species in the residue, including Mg(PO 3 ) 2, Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , and α-Mg 2 P 2 O 7 . It can be seen that the magnesium phosphate species in the residue of the composite at 700 C and 900 C are similar.…”

“…As depicted in Figure 7, the existence of the flame retardants in the composite before calcining is characterized by absorption bands at 3695 cm À1 , 462 cm À1 for the Mg-OH and Mg-O vibrations of Mg(OH) 2 , 37 1166 cm À1 for the P=O stretching in RP, 40,41 and 1218 cm À1 for the C=S vibrations in EG. 49 bending vibrations, [50][51][52][53] respectively. The result demonstrates the formation of the magnesium phosphate compounds in the degraded residues.…”

Potential of bioaugmentation of heavy metal contaminated soils in the Zambian Copperbelt using autochthonous filamentous fungi

“…Microorganisms play a significant role in soil health via biotransformation of heavy metals to more stable forms, biosorption, bioleaching, biomineralization, enzyme-catalyzed transformation and storing toxic elements (intracellular accumulation; Burford et al, 2003 ; Yu and Zhan, 2020 ; Zhang et al, 2022 ). Therefore, due to their rapid growth, low-cost culture media, and low-cost waste biomass availability, their immobilized biomass can be used for biosorption of heavy metal contaminants ( Wu et al, 2021 ).…”