We report a falling film microreactor (FFMR) based gas-liquid continuous microflow process, which features an efficient gas-liquid reaction in a microreactor for the generation of the ethynyl-Grignard reagent directly from acetylene gas and ethylmagnesium bromide (EtMgBr). The successful implement of this process leads to an expeditious flow synthesis of propargylic alcohols and analogues with high selectivity.
In this work, BN/g‐C3N4 composites were prepared by hydrothermal reaction. The BN/g‐C3N4 composites were successfully characterized by FTIR spectra, XRD, SEM, HRTEM, UV/Vis DRS, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms and BET. The photocatalytic activities of the as‐prepared catalysts were evaluated by the degradation of different organic pollutants, such as Acid Red (AR), Rhodamine B (RhB), Congo Red (CR), Methyl Orange (MO), Methyl Red (MR), and Phenol. The best result showed that the 40 wt% BN was added to g‐C3N4 (BN/g‐C3N4‐4) achieved up to 99% decomposition of AR within 90 min under visible‐light irradiation. The kinetics of BN/g‐C3N4 ‐4 for degradation of AR was almost six times than that of pure g‐C3N4. Finally, the degradation processes of different pollutants and the photocatalytic mechanism had been explained concretely.
In this work, we developed a biphasic designer solvent system for enzymatic biotransformation, to demonstrate automatic purification and enzyme reuse, in the frame of a new process concept reported recently (solvent-enabled factory, One-Flow project). "Automatic" refers to instantaneous operation by preferential solubility between two immiscible phases, which does not require (sophisticated) process control ("automated"). The reaction studied is lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl acetate. As a designer solvent, the class of ionic liquids (ILs) has been chosen, and their usage is largely documented in the biocatalysis literature. Three ILs are chosen; all with the 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium cation and differing in their anions, being tetrafluoroborate, bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)-imide, and hexafluoro-phosphate. The first IL forms a monophasic system and thus was left out of consideration. The other two form the desired biphasic system, when being contacted with water, respectively. The operation of that system is hampered by foaming, that is, the formation of an interfacial emulsion layer as the third phase, which makes phase separation difficult. Therefore, we investigated in detail the phase behavior of the batch and flow-processed fluid systems under various process conditions. Batch processing, which causes tremendous foaming, needs intense stirring because of the high IL viscosity. Continuous-flow reactors provide an alternative because they stir more softly by their shear-enforced convection in their liquid slugs. As a result, they do not show foaming, and therefore, separation in phases is facile. With that issue solved, we report here for the continuous-flow biocatalytic reaction that we achieved high-level product purification and (three times) recycling of the enzyme.
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