KeywordsCYP2C9, CYP4F2, Chinese, mechanical heart valve replacement, VKORC1, warfarin ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Received WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT• Genetic polymorphisms of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 are known to influence warfarin dosage.• Recent studies among Caucasians showed that polymorphisms of CYP4F2 also play a role in warfarin pharmacogenetics.• The contribution of CYP4F2 variants to the variability inwarfarin dose requirement in Chinese subjects remains to be investigated. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS• This research was to study the effect of CYP4F2 variants on warfarin requirements in the Han Chinese population.• This study developed a multiple regression model including CYP2C9, VKORC1 3673G>A, CYP4F2 genotypes and age, weight, combination use of amiodarone which could explain 56.1% of the individual variability in warfarin dose CYP4F2 could explain 4% of the variance in warfarin dose.• We found that one novel genotypic polymorphism 5417G>T for Asp36Tyr, which was identified as an important marker of warfarin resistance, was absent in the Han Chinese population in our study. AIMSThe objective of this study was to assess the effect of the CYP4F2 on the daily stable warfarin dose requirement in Han Chinese patients with mechanical heart valve replacement (MHVR). METHODS From March 2007 to November 2008, 222Han Chinese MHVR patients were recruited in our study. VKORC1 3673G>A, 5417G>T, CYP2C9 *3 and CYP4F2 rs2108622 were genotyped by using the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism method (PCR-RFLP). Polymorphisms of VKORC1 9041G>A were detected by direct sequencing. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate the contribution of CYP4F2. RESULTSThe CYP4F2 rs2108622 CT/TT group took a significantly higher stable warfarin dose (3.2 mg day CONCLUSIONCYP4F2 is a minor significant factor of individual variability in the stable warfarin dose in Han Chinese patients with MHVR. The effect of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotypes on variability in the stable warfarin dose had also been confirmed.

The study demonstrated decreased retinal arteriole saturation and decreased difference in arterio-venous saturation as well as narrowing retinal vessel diameter in highly myopic eyes. Further studies are needed to determine if such changes play a role in the development of high myopia and its complications or occur as a consequence of tissue remodelling during axial elongation.

Based on the available studies, the authors conclude that there is no significant difference in the risk of poor outcomes between pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil and that with other vitreous tamponades with different surgical histories.

A challenge of chronic diseases that remains to be solved is how to liberate patients and medical resources from the burdens of long-term monitoring and periodic visits. Precise management based on artificial intelligence (AI) holds great promise; however, a clinical application that fully integrates prediction and telehealth computing has not been achieved, and further efforts are required to validate its real-world benefits. Taking congenital cataract as a representative, we used Bayesian and deep-learning algorithms to create CC-Guardian, an AI agent that incorporates individualized prediction and scheduling, and intelligent telehealth follow-up computing. Our agent exhibits high sensitivity and specificity in both internal and multi-resource validation. We integrate our agent with a web-based smartphone app and prototype a prediction-telehealth cloud platform to support our intelligent follow-up system. We then conduct a retrospective self-controlled test validating that our system not only accurately detects and addresses complications at earlier stages, but also reduces the socioeconomic burdens compared to conventional methods. This study represents a pioneering step in applying AI to achieve real medical benefits and demonstrates a novel strategy for the effective management of chronic diseases.

In vivo study, effectively and safely, the novel PSR device can inhibit rabbits' axial length elongation during postoperative 1 year. This study demonstrates that this novel PSR could be a potential treatment approach for myopia.