This paper attempts to measure the carbon emission efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, which has nine provinces and two cities, by analyzing the panel data of the economic belt from 2010 to 2019. Firstly, we used a three-stage DEA (data envelopment analysis) model to eliminate the influence of environmental factors and random noise and measured the carbon emission of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Secondly, we used a spatially lagged time-fixed effects model to conduct an in-depth analysis of the factors affecting carbon emissions efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Zone. The study shows that: (1) There is a significant positive spatial correlation related to the carbon emission efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Zone. (2) There is a significant regional variability in carbon emission efficiency, and scale efficiency is the primary constraint on its improvement. (3) The higher the share of coal energy, the higher the level of urbanization, and the higher the population density, the less conducive to carbon efficiency. The more developed a region’s economy is, the more open it is to the outside world. The stronger its technological capabilities and ecological development, the higher the carbon emission value. (4) Carbon emission efficiency is influenced by a variety of factors, and each factor has a different influence on the carbon emission efficiency of the region and neighboring regions.
The prognostic value of albumin changes between diagnosis and end-of-treatment (EoT) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains unknown. We retrospectively analyzed 574 de novo DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP from our and two other centers. All patients were divided into a training cohort (n = 278) and validation cohort (n = 296) depending on the source of the patients. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed by the method of Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazard regression model. In the training cohort, 163 (58.6%) patients had low serum albumin at diagnosis, and 80 of them were present with consecutive hypoalbuminemia at EoT. Patients with consecutive hypoalbuminemia showed inferior OS and PFS (p = 0.010 and p = 0.079, respectively). Similar survival differences were also observed in the independent validation cohort (p = 0.006 and p = 0.030, respectively). Multivariable analysis revealed that consecutive hypoalbuminemia was an independent prognostic factor OS [relative risk (RR), 2.249; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.441–3.509, p < 0.001] and PFS (RR, 2.001; 95% CI, 1.443–2.773, p < 0.001) in all DLBCL patients independent of IPI. In conclusion, consecutive hypoalbuminemia is a simple and effective adverse prognostic factor in patients with DLBCL, which reminds us to pay more attention to patients with low serum albumin at EoT during follow-up.
This paper examines the efficiency of China’s transportation infrastructure investment to explain regional differences in efficiency on the basis of government integrity. First, we used a three-stage DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) model to eliminate the influence of environmental factors and statistical noise and measured the investment efficiency of transportation infrastructure in 31 provinces of China from 2007 to 2017. In addition, we used a truncated regression to calculate the efficiency of infrastructure investment in relation to government integrity to explain the regional differences in investment efficiency. The research results show that, (1) after excluding the environmental and random factors, the adjusted sample investment efficiency value is significantly improved in comparison to the traditional DEA. This shows that environmental factors in various provinces reduce government investment efficiency, which suggests that a traditional DEA model would underestimate investment efficiency. (2) The provinces with higher efficiency in transportation infrastructure investment include, among others, Guangdong, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Liaoning, and Tianjin; all are located at the efficiency frontier, while regions with better economic development, such as Beijing and Shanghai, exhibit rather low investment efficiency values. This may be due to the fact that transportation infrastructure investment in these regions has become saturated, resulting in an inevitable decrease in efficiency when investment continues to flow. (3) Low degree of government integrity significantly reduces the efficiency of infrastructure investment. On average, reduction of 1% in government integrity would lead to a decrease of 0.16 percentage points of the technical efficiency of government transportation infrastructure investment.
Albumin at diagnosis can be used to predict survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). But whether consecutive albuminemia, which seen in DLBCL patients from time to time, could be more accuracy to predict outcome remains unknown. We retrospectively analyzed 574 de novo DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP from our and other 2 centers. All the patients were divided into a training cohort (n=278) and a validation cohort (n=296) depending on the source of the patients. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed by the method of Kaplan-Meier and the differences between groups were compared by the log-rank test. Multivariable analysis was conducted by Cox proportional hazard regression model. The cutoff value of albumin for survival analysis was 39.2g/L with an area under the curve value of 0.589±0.034 (p=0.009) by receiver operating characteristic curve. In the training cohort, 163(58.6%) patients had low serum albumin at diagnosis and 80 of them were present with consecutive hypoalbuminemia. Patients with consecutive hypoalbuminemia showed inferior OS and PFS (p=0.010 andp=0.079, respectively). Similar survival differences were also observed in the independent validation cohort (p=0.006 andp=0.030, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that consecutive hypoalbuminemia was an independent prognostic factor OS (relative ratio [RR], 0.499; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.317-0.786,p=0.003) and PFS (RR, 0.576; 95% CI, 0.413-0.804,p=0.001) in all entire DLBCL patients independent of IPI. In conclusion, our study suggests that consecutive hypoalbuminemia is a simple and effective prognostic factor in DLBCL patients, allowing the identification of an inferior outcome subgroup in DLBCL patients, which may need to closely follow up. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
We build a theoretical model that describes the relationship between income inequality, fiscal redistribution and corruption in China. With between-group econometric model, using the provincial panel data of China from 1997 to 2006, this paper finds strong evidence in support of the propositions revealed by the theoretical model. The conclusion of empirical analysis is that fiscal redistribution as a remedy of the failure of market allocation fails to restrain income inequality. In contrast, it worsens income inequality because of the corruption when the officials implement fiscal redistribution policies. The article suggests that we should eliminate the corruption in the process of fiscal redistribution to effectively restrain income inequality and promote social harmony. JEL classifications: D63; D73; H23
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