Taxonomic information is important to fisheries management and conservation. In this study, we collected 95 specimens of larval fish from Hawaiian waters and a total of 92 mitochondrial COI barcode sequences were obtained, representing 20 species, 18 genera and 12 families. The determined average Kimura-2-parameter distances within species, genera, families, and orders were 0.72%, 25.99%, 26.30%, and 27.50%, respectively, and the mean interspecific distance was found to be 36-fold higher than the mean intraspecific distance. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that individuals belonging to the same species were clustered together and could be clearly distinguished. The findings of this study can make a valuable contribution to our knowledge of the diversity and dispersal of larval fish in Hawaiian waters.
The Ovulidae (Gastropoda, Cypraeoidea) is a family of small to medium Mollusca in the order Littorinimorpha, and Sandalia is a very small genus containing only three extant species. In the present study, 132 specimens of Ovulidae were collected, belonging to seven genera and nine species, including 54 Sandalia bridgesi and three Sandalia triticea individuals. The cytochrome c oxidase I gene, 16S rRNA, and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences were obtained from all specimens and compared with sequences downloaded from GenBank to calculate genetic distances and construct phylogenetic trees. The sequences of S. bridgesi and S. triticea exhibited a high degree of similarity, and S. bridgesi does not form a separate clade, supporting the proposal that S. bridgesi should be synonymised with S. triticea.
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