The selective α-C−C bond cleavage of unfunctionalized secondary (2°) and tertiary alcohols (3°) is essential for valorization of macromolecules and biopolymers. We developed a blue-light-driven iron catalysis for aerobic oxidation of 2°and 3°alcohols to acids via α-C−C bond cleavages at room temperature. The first example of oxygenation of the simple tertiary alcohols was reported. The iron catalyst and blue light play critical roles to enable the formation of highly reactive O radicals from alcohols and the consequent two α-C−C bond cleavages.Letter pubs.acs.org/OrgLett
Background: Astragalus membranaceus refers to a type of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), whereas its molecular mechanism remains unclear. In the presented study, network pharmacology was performed to analyze the molecular mechanism of astragalus membranaceus against T2DM.Methods: First, we found common targets of astragalus membranaceus and disease, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was built by String, and then key targets were screened from these common targets by topological analysis. Subsequently, common targets were introduced into DAVID to achieve the results of gene ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment analysis. The therapeutic effect of astragalus was observed, and several key targets were verified by an animal experiment.
The presence of infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is correlated with improved patient prognosis, but underlying regulatory mechanisms remain unknown. To identify biomarkers to improve early diagnosis and treatment of LUAD, we downloaded 13 immune cell line-associated datasets from the GEO database. We identified CD8+ T cell-associated genes via weighted correlation network analysis. We constructed molecular subtypes based on CD8+ T cell-associated genes and constructed a multi-gene signature. We identified 252 CD8+ T cell-associated genes significantly enriched in immune function-related pathways and two molecular subtypes of LUAD (immune cluster 1 [IC1] and IC2) using our CD8+ T cell-associated gene signature. Patients with the IC2 subtype had a higher tumor mutation burden and lower immune infiltration scores, whereas those with the IC1 subtype were more sensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Prioritizing the top candidate genes to construct a 10-gene signature, we validated our model using independent GSE and TCGA datasets to confirm its robustness and stable prognostic ability. Our risk model demonstrated good predictive efficacy using the Imvigor210 immunotherapy dataset. Thus, we established a novel and robust CD8+ T cell-associated gene signature, which could help assess prognostic risk and immunotherapy response in LUAD patients.
Objectives:
Polyethylene glycol-20k is a hybrid cell impermeant that reduces ischemia injury and improves microcirculatory flow during and following low flow states through nonenergy-dependent water transfer in the microcirculation. We investigated the effects of polyethylene glycol-20k on postresuscitation microcirculation, myocardial and cerebral function, and duration of survival in a rat model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Design:
Ventricular fibrillation was induced in 20 male Sprague Dawley rats and untreated for 6 minutes. Animals were randomized into two groups (n = 10 for each group): polyethylene glycol-20k and control. Polyethylene glycol-20k (10% solution in saline, 10% estimated blood volume) and vehicle (saline) were administered at the beginning of cardiopulmonary resuscitation by continuous IV infusion. Resuscitation was attempted after 8 minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Setting:
University-Affiliated Research Laboratory.
Subjects:
Sprague Dawley Rats.
Interventions:
Polyethylene glycol-20k.
Measurements and Main Results:
Buccal microcirculation was measured at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 hours after return of spontaneous circulation using a side-stream dark-field imaging device. Myocardial function was measured by echocardiography at baseline and every hour postresuscitation for 6 hours. The animals were then returned to their cage and observed for an additional 72 hours. Neurologic Deficit Scores were recorded at 24, 48, and 72 hours after resuscitation. Postresuscitation ejection fraction, cardiac output, and myocardial performance index were significantly improved in animals treated with polyethylene glycol-20k (p < 0.05). Perfused buccal vessel density and microcirculatory flow index values were significantly higher at all time points in the polyethylene glycol-20k group compared with the control group. Postresuscitation cerebral function and survival rate were also significantly improved in animals that received polyethylene glycol-20k.
Conclusions:
Administration of polyethylene glycol-20k following cardiopulmonary resuscitation improves postresuscitation myocardial and cerebral function, buccal microcirculation, and survival in a rat model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
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