Background: Astragalus membranaceus refers to a type of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), whereas its molecular mechanism remains unclear. In the presented study, network pharmacology was performed to analyze the molecular mechanism of astragalus membranaceus against T2DM.Methods: First, we found common targets of astragalus membranaceus and disease, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was built by String, and then key targets were screened from these common targets by topological analysis. Subsequently, common targets were introduced into DAVID to achieve the results of gene ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment analysis. The therapeutic effect of astragalus was observed, and several key targets were verified by an animal experiment.
Background:The aim of this study was to explore the potential therapeutic targets and pathways of liraglutide against type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats based on lncRNA sequencing. Material/Methods:Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group (n=10), the T2DM model group (highsugar and high-fat diet, and streptozotocin-induced, n=11), and the liraglutide group (model plus liraglutide, n=10). After 8 weeks of drug treatment, lncRNA sequencing was used to identify the lncRNA therapeutic targets and their related protein-coding genes of liraglutide against T2DM, which were further studied by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis to determine the major biological processes and pathways involved in the action of liraglutide treatment. Lastly, several lncRNA targets were randomly detected based on quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) to verify the accuracy of sequencing results. Results:A total of 104 lncRNA targets of liraglutide against T2DM were screened, with 27 upregulated and 77 downregulated, including NONRATT030354.2, MSTRG.1456.6, and NONRATT011758.2. The major biological processes involved were glucose and lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Liraglutide had a therapeutic effect in T2DM, mainly through the Wnt, PPAR, amino acid metabolism signaling, mTOR, and lipid metabolism-related pathways. Conclusions:In this study, we screened 104 lncRNA therapeutic targets and several signaling pathways (Wnt, PPAR, amino acid metabolism signaling pathway, mTOR, and lipid metabolism-related pathways) of liraglutide against T2DM based on lncRNA sequencing.
Background: At present, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a major public health issue throughout the world, especially in developing countries. Notably, traditional Chinese patent medicines (TCPMs) are of great significance in the treatment of T2DM combined with conventional Western medicine therapy. However, there is a lack of comparison among all the current common TCPMs for treating T2DM. Therefore, this study intends to explore the efficacy and safety of different TCPMs against T2DM through the Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA). Methods: We will conduct a comprehensive and systematic search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of TCPM for the treatment of T2DM in both Chinese and English databases published till August 2020. Two researchers will be responsible for screening eligible literature, extracting data, and assessing the risk of bias of included studies independently. Then, pairwise meta-analyses and Bayesian network meta-analyses will be conducted to assess all available evidence. In the end, data will be analyzed using STATA15.0 and WinBUGS1.4.3 software. Conclusion: This study will compare the efficacy and safety of different TCPMs against T2DM in detail. Our findings will provide a reliable evidence for selecting clinical treatment program and guideline development of T2DM.
Background: Traditional Chinese medicine decoction and modern concentrated-granules are two kinds of Chinese herbal medicine forms used in clinic at present. The former is extracted by traditional boiling method of a pre-mixed multi-herbal medicine according to the doctor's prescription. The latter is a mixture of extract active ingredients from a single variety of herbs by modern technology. It is not clear whether there is a difference in the content and efficacy of the active components between the two methods. Methods:The effective components of Huangqi-Ezhu (HQ-EZ) traditional decoction and concentratedgranules were determined by HPLC, and the subcutaneous transplanted tumor model of tumor-bearing mice was established to compare the anti-tumor effect. HQ-EZ traditional decoction and concentrated-granules were given respectively by continuous intragastric administration for 15 days. After the last administration the tumor tissue, liver and kidney were removed completely, and the corresponding indexes were detected.Results: Active components of concentrated-granules and traditional decoction are basically the same.Both of TCM forms have great anti-tumor effect against lung cancer, without toxify to liver and kidney. Conclusions:The two preparation methods have their own advantages in effective components, and the compatibility of HQ-EZ can inhibit the tumor growth of tumor-bearing mice, and has no liver and kidney toxicity.
Objectives To investigate the current status of antithrombotic treatment in elderly patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. The general feature were recorded and risk factors of stroke thromboembolism were estimated in order to provide data for clinical treatment. Methods The total of 428 elderly inpatients and outpatients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in 8 grade III general hospitals in Beijing were chosen as research object during November 2011 to February 2013. Observed hospital antithrombotic treatment, and analysis of possible factors that affect treatment decisions. Divided into long-term warfarin, long-term antiplatelet group and no antithrombotic group according to long-term drug use. Results Male and female cases were 249 (58.18%)and 179 (41.82%) respectively. Mean age was (78.45 ± 7.84) years old. Among all these thromboembolism events, 153 cases (93.87%) were stroke Nonrheumatic heart disease AF risk levels were quantified using the CHADS2 index. One point each was given for patients with congestive heart failure, hypertension, advanced age (≥75 years) and diabetes mellitus, and 2 points to those with prior ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack. Patients with a CHADS2 score of 0 were classified as low risk, 1 as moderate risk and 2 or more as high risk. Non-rheumatic heart disease with AF were high risk embolism. 81.78% of the patients were classified into high risk group, 14.02% into moderate risk, and 4.21% into low risk. Among these patients, aspirin was prescribed in 183 patients by physicians, 16 were treated with clopidogrel, warfarin was suggested to 78 patients by physicians, 8 were treated with dabigatran and 76 patients were given nothing antithrombotic therapy. According to stroke risk level, there were 350 patients were suggested to use warfarin and the practical percent of using warfarin was 29.71% (104/350). Previous bleeding events and ege are the possible factors affecting treatment decisions. Of the total patients received warfarin, including monitoring of the international normalised ratio (INR) 73.08% (76/104). The average level of INR was (1.79 ± 0.61). And patient’s INR being between 2.0 and 3.0 was 28 cases, which percentage was 26.92%. And INR being between 1.6 and 2.5 was 35 cases, which percentage was 33.65%. Conclusions With ages growing, the incidence of thromboembolic complications increasing. The higher CHADS2 score, the higher risk level of thromboembolic events. CHADS2 score has a reliable predictive value about vascular events. Warfarin is underused in elderly patients with NVAF who had indications of anticoagulation. For the eldely patients with NVAF, age, hypertension, heart failure and history of bleeding are the main factors affecting receiving anticoagulant therapy.
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