Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a critical role in cancer progression, including in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, it is still poorly understood whether lncRNA regulates epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and radioresistance of NPC cells. We found that lncRNA NEAT1 was significantly upregulated in NPC cell lines and tissues. Knockdown of NEAT1 could sensitize NPC cells to radiation in vitro. Further investigation found that NEAT1 regulated radioresistance by modulating EMT phenotype. Furthermore, we found that there was reciprocal repression between NEAT1 and miR-204. ZEB1 was identified as a downstream target of miR-204 and NEAT1 upregulated ZEB1 expression by negatively regulating miR-204 expression. Taking together, we proposed that NEAT1 regulated EMT phenotype and radioresistance by modulating the miR-204/ZEB1 axis in NPC.

Ether-phospholipids (ether-PLs) in sea urchins, especially eicosapentaenoic-acid-enriched plasmenyl phosphatidylethanolamine (PE-P) and plasmanyl phosphatidylcholine (PC-O), exhibit potential lipid-regulating effects. However, their underlying regulatory mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Herein, we integrated an untargeted lipidomics strategy and biochemical analysis to investigate these mechanisms in high-fat-induced atherosclerotic hamsters. Dietary supplementation with PE-P and PC-O decreased total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in serum. The lipid regulatory effects of PE-P were superior to those of PC-O. Additionally, 20 lipid molecular species, including phosphatidylethanolamine, cholesteryl ester, triacylglycerol, and phosphatidylinositol, were identified as potential lipid biomarkers in the serum of hamsters with PC-O and PE-P treatment (95% confidence interval; p < 0.05). The variations of lipids may be attributed to downregulation of adipogenesis genes and upregulation of lipid β-oxidation genes and bile acid biosynthesis genes. The improved lipid homeostasis by ether-PLs in sea urchins might be a key pathway underlying the antiatherosclerosis effect.

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A fast and efficient shotgun lipidomics strategy was applied to analyze phospholipids (PL) in the oyster Crassostrea plicatula, including 29 species of phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), 23 species of phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn), 11 species of phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), 6 species of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns), and 17 species of lysophospholipids (Lyso-PL). During storage at 4 °C for 7 days, the PL content decreased by 68.08%, but a significant increase in the FFA content was observed (from 63.11 to 318.72 μg/g). PtdCho and PtdIns decreased relatively by 64.97 and 67.49%, and PtdSer decreased most markedly by 74.15%. However, the PtdEtn content increased slightly during the early stages of storage but subsequently began to decrease. Moreover, PL with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA-PL) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA-PL) decreased by 51.77 and 50.61%, whereas plasmalogens were relatively stable showing only a 25.46% decrease. In particular, through enzyme activity analysis of lipase, phospholipase A (PLA), phospholipase A (PLA), phospholipase C (PLC), and phospholipase D (PLD), it was observed that the activities of all these enzymes increased at the early stage at 4 °C, but their activities were at lower levels when the oysters were stored at -20 °C. During the storage period at 4 °C, correlation analysis suggests that the degradation of PtdCho was mostly correlated to PLA (p < 0.05), whereas PtdEtn and PtdSer were more markedly correlated to lipase and PLD, respectively. The above result indicates that the hydrolysis mechanism of PL during seafood storage was correlated to the lipid hydrolytic enzyme activities under different storage temperatures.

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In this study, lipid degradation during the processing of salt‐fermented Antarctic krill paste is studied by evaluating changes in physicochemical parameters, lipid content, and fatty acid composition, phospholipase (phospholipase A1 [PLA1], phospholipase A2 [PLA2], phospholipase C [PLC], and phospholipase D [PLD]) and lipase activities. Triacylglycerols (TAGs) are an important source of free fatty acids (FFAs) in Antarctic krill paste, causing an increase in FFA content in the early stage of processing, while phospholipids are intensely hydrolyzed during the mid‐late stages. Lipase activities remains constant, while PLA2 and PLD activities increases during all stages of processing. The relative activities of PLA2 and PLC highly correlates with a decline in phosphatidylcholine (PC) and an increase in lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). A high correlation is also observed between relative PLD activity and increased phosphatidic acid (PA). These results suggest that lipase, PLA2, and PLD contribute to the degradation of lipids during the processing of salt‐fermented Antarctic krill paste. Practical Applications: Due to their abundance of Antarctic krill, fermentation technology can be applied to transform them into a popular condiment. The present study aimes to investigate changes in lipid composition throughout krill salt‐fermentation, and to evaluate their potential effects on fermented krill product. Knowledge of lipase activities during processing is essential to improve the quality of the end products and to further elucidate the complicated mechanisms of lipid degradation. The study of lipid degradation during processing and storage of krill products is of great concern in order to obtain products of high quality and health. Lipid degradation during the processing of salt‐fermented Antarctic krill paste is studied by evaluating changes in physicochemical parameters, lipid content, and fatty acid composition, phospholipase and lipase activities and the study provides information that Lipase, PLA2, and PLD contribute to the degradation of lipids during the processing of salt‐fermented Antarctic krill paste.

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