Characterizing the phospholipid composition of six edible sea cucumbers by NPLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS

Hepatoprotective effects of sea cucumber ether-phospholipids against alcohol-induced lipid metabolic dysregulation and oxidative stress in mice

“…1A) and the fatty acid profiles of sea cucumber ether-PLs were determined by our previous method. 13 EPA predominated in PlsEtn and PlsCho at 73.8% and 80.9%, respectively (Table S1†).…”

“…PlsEtn in sea cucumbers accounted for 83%–98% of the total PE, and plasmanyl phosphatidylcholine (PlsCho) in sea cucumbers constituted 59%–83% of the total PC. 13 In addition, most plasmalogens possess an ester-linked polyunsaturated fatty acyl (PUFA) chain at the sn -2 position. 14 Notably, the predominant fatty acids of plasmalogen species are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoicacid (DHA) at the sn -2 position of the glycerol moiety in marine foodstuffs, whereas the major plasmalogen species in land foodstuffs is arachidonic acid.…”

Application of MS-Based Metabolomic Approaches in Analysis of Starfish and Sea Cucumber Bioactive Compounds

“…Sample preparation for phospholipid determination in sea cucumbers and starfish is commonly based on extractions from the fresh whole body, body walls, or viscera via the classic Folch method [ 141 ], the Bligh and Dyer method [ 142 ], or extraction using a solvent combination of MTBE/MeOH/H 2 O [ 105 ] ( Table 2 and Table S2 ). Different phospholipid headgroups and alterations in chain length, amount and position of double bonds in fatty acids, and ester bond types lead to an extremely complex composition of phospholipid mixtures.…”

“…Structural characterization was achieved by comparing the retention times and in-source fragmentation patterns obtained in negative and positive ion modes with single-stage MS. The NPLC-ESI TripleTOF MS was employed to study the phospholipid composition of the dried body walls of six sea cucumber species [ 142 ]. The application of normal-phase liquid chromatography as a separation technique allowed for the division of complex mixtures into subclasses with reproducible retention times as well as the separation of isobaric molecules in the same subclass.…”

Short-term supplementation of EPA-enriched ethanolamine plasmalogen increases the level of DHA in the brain and liver of n-3 PUFA deficient mice in early life after weaning

“…14 Notably, in many types of seafood, such as shellfish and sea cucumbers, PE mainly exists in the form of plasmalogen that contains a vinyl ether linkage at the sn-1 position rather than an ester bond. 15 More importantly, EPA-enriched ethanolamine plasmalogen (EPA-pPE) played a greater role than EPA-PE in improving the number of neuron nissl bodies, increasing the density of dendritic cells and dendritic spines of cortical neurons. 16 However, the effect of dietary supplementation with EPA-pPE on the DHA content in the brain of offspring lacking n-3 PUFAs in early life is still unclear.…”