Bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer in men, and it is becoming a prevalent malignancy. Most of the regular clinical examinations are prompt evaluations with cystoscopy, renal function testing, which require high‐precision instrument, well‐trained operators, and high cost. In this study, a microfluidic paper‐based analytical device (μPAD) was fabricated to detect nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) and bladder cancer antigen (BTA) from the urine samples. Urine samples were collected from 11 bladder cancer patients and 10 well‐beings as experiment and control groups, respectively, to verify the working efficiency of μPAD. A remarkable checkout efficiency of up to 90.91% was found from the results. Meanwhile, this method is feasible for home‐based self‐detection from urine samples within 10 min for the total process, which provides a new way for quick, economical, and convenient tumor diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, and drug response.
Photothermal therapy based on nanoparticles is a promising method for cancer treatment. However, there are still many limits in practical application. During photothermal therapy, improving therapeutic effect is contradictory to reducing overheating in healthy tissues. We should make the temperature distribution more uniform and reduce the damage of healthy tissue caused by overheating. In the present work, we develop a simple computational method to analyze the temperature distribution during photothermal therapy at three levels (nanoscale, micron scale, and millimeter scale), and investigate the effects of nanoparticle size, volume fraction, light intensity, and irradiation shape on temperature distribution. We find that it is difficult to achieve good therapeutic effect just by adjusting the volume fraction of nanoparticles and light intensity. To achieve good therapeutic effect, we propose a new irradiation shape, spot array light. This method can achieve a better temperature distribution by easily regulating the positions of spots for the tumor with a large aspect ratio or a small one. In addition, the method of irradiation with spot array light can better reduce the overheating at the bottom and top of the tumor than the full-coverage light or others such as ring light. This theoretical work presents a simple method to investigate the effects of irradiation shape on therapy and provides a far more controlled way to improve the efficacy of photothermal therapy.
We derive an analytical model for calculating the optical activity in monolayer black phosphorus under an external magnetic field. By optimizing the parameters, the circular dichroism can be comparable to that in previously reported chiral metamaterials in a broad angle range. Besides, the optical activity including the circular dichroism, the circular conversion dichroism and the circular birefringence can be tuned almost linearly via changing the applied magnetic field magnitude. These results show that our proposed model would possess potential applications in polarization optics, stereochemistry, and molecular biology.
Paxillin is a potential participant in direct intracellular force transmission, which is considered as the foundation of cells sensing and responding to the extracellular environment. However, the detection of tension across paxillin has not been achieved due to lacking microsized tools. Herein, a paxillin tension sensor (PaxTs) based on the Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) technique was constructed. PaxTs can be expressed and assembled to FA sites spontaneously to visualize the tension across paxillin with FRET efficiency of ∼62.4 % in living cells. The tension across paxillin was found to decrease upon shear stress, in which the membrane fluidity and contractility of actin acted as cushions. It is observed that paxillin participates in the pathway of cell membrane‐cytoskeleton‐FAs for force transmission upon mechanical force in real time visualization, which provides a promising new method to investigate the direct intracellular force transmission in biology and technology.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.