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Metorchis orientalis belongs to the genus Metorchis of Opisthorchiidae, which mainly parasitizes in liver and bile ducts of waterfowl, causing liver dysfunction of the host. It has been reported that M. orientalis also infects humans. As a natural species in Australia and a popular ornamental animal, Black Swan ( Cygnus atratus ) has been imported into many countries. At present there has been no report of M. orientalis infection in Black Swan. In the present study M. orientalis infection in Black Swan was identified by a combination of different techniques, including morphological observation and molecular analysis. M. orientalis adults were found in the gallbladder and bile duct of a three-year-old female Black Swan, which was further confirmed by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis. In addition, the intermediate and definitive hosts of M. orientalis from the ‘Qing’ lake (a man-made lake in Changchun, China) that Black Swan lived were investigated and the infection route was preliminarily determined. Parafossarulus striatulus functioned as the first intermediate host which contained M. orientalis DNA, and fishes such as Pseudorasbora parva and Rhodeinae served as the second intermediate hosts with M. orientalis metacercariae in the fish flesh. M. orientalis eggs were found in the feces of three other Swans and six ducks that lived in the ‘Qing’ lake. This was the first reported case about M. orientalis infection of Black Swan. Our study described the course of the infection and provided new information about potential carriers and disseminators of M. orientalis .

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in common carp. The common carp was exposed to Hg (0.03 mg/L), and 10 5 cfu/g Se-rich B. subtilis was added to the feed. After 30 days of feeding, samples were taken to evaluate the growth performance, serological response, inflammatory response, and intestinal microbial changes. In this study, when fish were exposed to Hg, the growth performance of the Se-rich B. subtilis plus 0.03 mg/L Hg fish group was lower than that of the control group and higher than 0.03 mg/L Hg; The levels of serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) and lysozyme (LZM) decreased, but after supplementation with Se-rich B. subtilis, the levels of LZM and IgM increased; Hg treatment significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nuclear factor-kB (NF-κB P65), but downregulated the mRNA expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) and NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha (IkBα). However, compared with the Hg group, the Se-rich B. subtilis plus Hg group can significantly increase the mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, and NF-κB P65, but reduce the regulation of IL-10, TGF-β, and IkBα expression. Through the analysis of the microbiological, we found that the Hg group was mainly composed of Aeromonas sobria and Aeromonas hydrophila. However, in the Se-rich B. subtilis treatment group, we found that Aeromonas sobria was significantly less than the Hg group. Se-rich B. subtilis improves Hg-induced intestinal microbial changes, alleviates the abundance of Aeromonas, and alleviates Abstract Mercury (Hg) is a global pollutant that affects the health of humans and ecosystems. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for many organisms including humans. Bacillus subtilis is one of the main probiotics used in aquaculture, and has a certain adsorption effect on heavy metals. The interaction between Hg and Se was rigorously studied, especially due to the observation of the protective effect of Se on Hg toxicity. The objective of this study was to research the effects of Hg, Se, and B. subtilis on inflammation and intestinal microbes

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