The JUNO experiment locates in Jinji town, Kaiping city, Jiangmen city, Guangdong province. The geographic location is east longitude 112 • 31'05' and North latitude 22 • 07'05'. The experimental site is 43 km to the southwest of the Kaiping city, a county-level city in the prefecture-level city Jiangmen in Guangdong province. There are five big cities, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Macau, Shenzhen, and Zhuhai, all in ∼200 km drive distance, as shown in figure 3.

Use of a dialkoxysilane-containing, condensable alanine amphiphile with a cleavable hexadecyl ester tail (1) as a "lizard" template for sol-gel synthesis results in the formation of a mesoporous silicate (2) whose channels are filled with an organic group of the template. Treatment of 2 with aqueous HCl allows selective cleavage of the ester moiety to leave nanochannels (3) whose surface is densely covered with alanine-CO2H. According to XRD and TEM, 2, on conversion into 3, can preserve its regular hexagonal structure. 3 displays a clear N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm with a BET surface area of 536 m2 g-1. 3 can also adsorb a basic guest such as NH3 up to 0.7 mmol g-1, which is 7 times greater than that observed for mesoporous silica obtained by calcination of 2.

Recent atomic force microscopy stretching measurements of single polysaccharide molecules suggest that their elasticity is governed by force-induced conformational transitions of the pyranose ring. However, the mechanism of these transitions and the mechanics of the pyranose ring are not fully understood. Here we use steered molecular dynamics simulations of the stretching process to unravel the mechanism of forced conformational transitions in 1,6 linked polysaccharides. In contrast to most sugars, 1,6 linked polysaccharides have an extra bond in their inter-residue linkage, C5-C6, around which restricted rotations occur and this additional degree of freedom increases the mechanical complexity of these polymers. By comparing the computational results with the atomic force microscopy data we determine that forced rotations around the C5-C6 bond have a significant and different impact on the elasticity of alpha- and beta-linked polysaccharides. Beta-linkages of a polysaccharide pustulan force the rotation around the C5-C6 bonds and produce a Hookean-like elasticity but do not affect the conformation of the pyranose rings. However, alpha-linkages of dextran induce compound conformational transitions that include simultaneous rotations around the C5-C6 bonds and chair-boat transitions of the pyranose rings. These previously not-recognized transitions are responsible for the characteristic plateau in the force-extension relationship of dextran.

What is the nature of Chinese patriotism and nationalism, how does it differ from American patriotism and nationalism, and what impact do they have on Chinese foreign policy attitudes? To explore the structure and consequences of Chinese national identity, three surveys were conducted in China and the US in the spring and summer of 2009. While patriotism and nationalism were empirically similar in the US, they were highly distinct in China, with patriotism aligning with a benign internationalism and nationalism with a more malign blind patriotism. Chinese patriotism/internationalism, furthermore, had no impact on perceived US threats or US policy preferences, while nationalism did. The role of nationalist historical beliefs in structures of Chinese national identity was also explored, as well as the consequences of historical beliefs for the perception of US military and humiliation threats.

We analyze a unique event with an M1.8 confined circular-ribbon flare on 2016 February 13, with successive formations of two circular ribbons at the same location. The flare had two distinct phases of UV and EUV emissions with an interval of about 270 s, of which the second peak was energetically more important. The first episode was accompanied by the eruption of a mini-filament and the fast elongation motion of a thin circular ribbon (CR1) along the counterclockwise direction at a speed of about 220 km s −1 . Two elongated spine-related ribbons were also observed, with the inner ribbon co-temporal with CR1 and the remote brightenings forming ∼ 20 s later. In the second episode, another mini-filament erupted and formed a blowout jet. The second circular ribbon and two spine-related ribbons showed similar elongation motions with that during the first episode. The extrapolated 3D coronal magnetic fields reveal the existence of a fan-spine topology, together with a quasi-separatrix layer (QSL) halo surrounding the fan plane and another QSL structure outlining the inner spine. We suggest that continuous null-point reconnection between the filament and ambient open field occurs in each episode, leading to the sequential opening of the filament and significant shifts of the fan plane footprint. For the first time, we propose a compound eruption model of circular-ribbon flares consisting of two sets of successively formed ribbons and eruptions of multiple filaments in a fan-spine-type magnetic configuration.

The ordered structures of nanomaterials have been attracting more and more attention recently due to their unusual physical properties. [1][2][3][4] There are mainly two routes to fabricate such structures. One method is preparing nanomaterials and then organizing them. 5 The two-and three-dimensional ordered structures of CdSe, 6 Ag 2 S, 7 Au, 8 Ag, 4,9 Pd, 10 and Co 11 have been fabricated through this method. The other method is the direct preparation of ordered structures from molecular or atomic precursors either physically or chemically. The solid-state methods for the fabrication of nanomaterials, such as physical and chemical vapor deposition (PVD 12 and CVD 1,13 ), molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), 14 and manipulation through scanning tunnel microscopy (STM), 15 often need harsh conditions, expensive equipment, and state-of-the-art techniques. 16 However, the solution chemistry methods can avoid the above limitations. 16 And if some ordered systems are adopted as templates in the synthesis process, the ordered structure of nanomaterials can be obtained. Braun et al. 17 reported the synthesis of semiconductor-organic superlattices based on cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide templated by hexagonal liquid crystals. We have prepared the parallel nanowires of CdS 18 and ZnS 19 with the diameter as small as 3 nm templated, also by hexagonal liquid crystals. These kinds of template are known as "soft" ones. The "hard" templates of porous polymer membranes and anodic aluminum oxides (AAO) are widely applied in the synthesis of nanowires and nanoparticles. 20,21 The AAO template takes a great advantage of arranging cylindrical pores, of uniform diameter, in a hexagonal array. 20 This greatly benefits the fabrication of ordered nanowire arrays. The Martin group has reported the synthesis of nanoparticles, nanowires, and nanotubules of metals, semiconductors, and polymers by electrodeposition, 22 sol-gel deposition, 23 and polymerization 24 in AAO membranes. Routkevitch fabricated CdS nanowire arrays by electrochemical deposition into an AAO template. 25 In this paper, we study the synthesis of CdS nanowire arrays with a solution reaction method by injecting the reactants into the pores of the AAO membrane.Although Martin et al. 23 prepared several kinds of metal oxide nanofibrils and nanotubes through immersion of the AAO membranes into the corresponding sols and then calcination, there are few other reports about the synthesis of one-dimensional nanostructures in AAO membranes in aqueous solutions with methods other than electrodeposition. The reason usually is that the in situ formed nanoparticles hinder the dispersion of reactants into the inner part of the pores. We tried to prepare CdS nanowires in AAO with aqueous solutions of Cd 2+ and H 2 S or Na 2 S as the reactants, but only low aspect ratio nanoparticles were obtained. We adopted thioacetamide (TAA) as the precursor of H 2 S in this research. It can gradually liberate H 2 S in aqueous solution, and react with Cd 2+ slowly. It effectively eliminat...

We present the calibration strategy for the 20 kton liquid scintillator central detector of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO). By utilizing a comprehensive multiple-source and multiple-positional calibration program, in combination with a novel dual calorimetry technique exploiting two independent photosensors and readout systems, we demonstrate that the JUNO central detector can achieve a better than 1% energy linearity and a 3% effective energy resolution, required by the neutrino mass ordering determination.

The elasticity of single amylose chains in solvents that promote or inhibit the formation of inter‐residue hydrogen bonds was examined by AFM (see picture). Hydrogen bonds were found to rigidify the amylose chain in solvents of low dielectric constant, and the strength of inter‐residue hydrogen bonds in sugars can be measured.