Densities and viscosities of the binary mixtures of the tributyl phosphate + hexane and tributyl phosphate +
dodecane systems have been experimentally determined at different temperatures and atmospheric pressure, over
the entire composition range. Other mixing properties such as the excess molar volumes and the viscosity deviations
have been also obtained for each of the systems. The excess molar volumes (V
E) and viscosity deviations (Δη)
have been fitted to the Redlich−Kister equation, and the coefficients and estimate of the standard error values are
presented. A discussion on these quantities in terms of molecular interactions is reported.
Transition-metal
sulfides are key cathode materials for thermal
batteries used in military applications. However, it is still a big
challenge to prepare sulfides with good electronic conductivity and
thermal stability. Herein, we rapidly synthesized a Co-doped NiS2 micro/nanostructure using a hydrothermal method. We found
that the specific capacity of the Ni1–x
Co
x
S2 micro/nanostructure
increases with the amount of Co doping. Under a current density of
100 mA cm–2, the specific capacity of Ni0.5Co0.5S2 was about 1565.2 As g–1 (434.8 mAh g–1) with a cutoff voltage of 1.5 V.
Owing to the small polarization impedance (5 mΩ), the pulse
voltage reaches about 1.74 V under a pulse current of 2.5 A cm–2, 30 ms. Additionally, the discharge mechanism was
proposed by analyzing the discharge product according to the anionic
redox chemistry. Furthermore, a 3.9 kg full thermal battery is assembled
based on the synthesized Ni0.5Co0.5S2 cathode materials. Notably, the full thermal battery discharges
at a current density of 100 mA cm–2, with an operating
time of about 4000 s, enabling a high specific energy density of around
142.5 Wh kg–1. In summary, this work presents an
effective cathode material for thermal battery with high specific
energy and long operating life.
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