Advanced daylighting systems have become commonly used in modern architecture for a more sustainable environment. The mainstream of recent daylighting studies focuses not only on the quantity but also the quality of daylight delivered to an interior space. The more uniform daylight is distributed in the required illuminance range, the more light stability is achieved, and the longer time is illuminated by daylight, the more electrical lighting energy can be potentially saved.This study proposes an advanced daylighting design based on a parametrically controlled louver with reflective slats to redirect sunlight onto a ceiling, which can then serve as a source of diffuse light to illuminate a room. The design aims to achieve steadier and more uniform daylight distribution during the working hours in a deep-plan office room. The angle of each slat of the louver is parametrically controlled to target a corresponding area on the ceiling. In order to achieve a steadier daylighting, a bi-axis design and a two-layer design with a shifted target are evaluated and compared with a one-axis design. A daylighting analysis of the proposed design is exemplified for a south-oriented 8m deep office room in a hot arid territory. The daylight analysis was performed using Grasshopper software as a parametric tool to link with Radiance and DAYSIM daylighting analysis. The proposed design shows promising merit that it can provide a relatively steady and *Unmarked Revised Manuscript For Publication Click here to view linked References distributed daylight coverage for more than 90% of the floor area within the recommended acceptable range 300~500 lux during the working hours.
Axicon is an interesting optical element for its optical properties. This paper presents an approach to dynamically generated tunable axicons with a spatial light modulator (SLM). 256-level phase computer-generated holograms (CGHs) were loaded into the SLM to simulate the positive and negative axicons. The intensity distributions of beams passing through these axicons were analyzed with the principle of blazed grating and Fresnel diffraction; and the diffraction patterns were obtained theoretically in terms of zero-order Bessel beams and annular hollow beams, corresponding to the positive and negative axicons, respectively. Experimental results verified that the diffraction patterns have the same distribution as the real axicon. The types of the axicon and the axicon’s parameters can be easily altered through changing the CGHs.
As a sportification form of human-computer interaction, eSports is facing great gender stereotype threat and causing female players’ withdraw. This study aims to investigate the relationship between gender-swapping and females’ continuous participation intention in eSports, the mediating effect of self-efficacy, and the moderating effect of discrimination. The results demonstrate (1) that the effect of gender-swapping on continuous participation intention in eSports was not significant, while gender-swapping had a significant association with self-efficacy, and self-efficacy had a significant association with continuous participation intention in eSports; (2) that gender-swapping had an indirect effect (via self-efficacy) on continuous participation intention in eSports; and (3) that discrimination moderated the effect of self-efficacy on continuous participation intention. Female players who had experienced discrimination displayed higher continuous participation intention in the context of self-efficacy enhanced by gender-swapping.
Abstract-We consider networks offering tiered services and corresponding price structures, a model that has become prevalent in practice. We develop an economic model for such networks and make contributions in two important areas. First, we formulate the problem of selecting the service tiers and present an approximate yet accurate and efficient solution approach for tackling this nonlinear programming problem. Given the set of (near-) optimal service tiers, we then employ game-theoretic techniques to find an optimal price for each service tier that strikes a balance between the conflicting objectives of users and service provider. This work provides a theoretical framework for reasoning about and pricing Internet tiered services. Our results also indicate that tiering solutions currently adopted by ISPs do not perform well.
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