Vascularization plays an important role in the initial stage of triggering the bone defects repair. The combination of bioactive small molecule drugs and biomaterials has been a powerful strategy for...
Gingivitis is biofilm-induced inflammation confined in the gingival tissues, which if left untreated it affects the supporting structures (i.e., periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone) resulting in periodontitis (Tonetti et al., 2018). However, it remains unclear why some gingivitis cases remain stable for many years, while others readily develop into periodontitis given the similarity in patients' general health (Kindstedt et al., 2019;Pihlstrom et al., 2005).The persistence of harmful immune response underlies chronic inflammation and results in the exacerbation of tissue destruction. It is also involved in the switch from gingivitis to periodontitis, which is characterized by alveolar bone destruction due to stimulation of osteoclasts. To large extent, osteoclastogenesis also depends on the surrounding immunomodulation (Mansour et al., 2019), during which the ratio of different immunocytes determines the types, amounts, and effects of cytokines (N. Chen et al., 1996), leading to further tissue destruction or healing.The exacerbation of periodontitis is associated with the components of immunocytes, including neutrophils, monocytes, and T-and B-lymphocytes (Kurgan & Kantarci, 2018). Some specific cell subtypes facilitate osteoclastogenesis by releasing cytokines. For
Recent studies have determined that gene expression profiling using microarray technology can be used to identify tumor-related molecules. The objective of this study was to screen the differentially expressed genes between pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and the normal tissue adjacent to PA using cDNA microarrays and to further validate the differentially expressed genes by real-time PCR. In this study, we selected five pairs of PA and the surrounding normal salivary gland tissues. The total RNA was isolated from tumor and normal tissues and purified to mRNA. The mRNA was reverse-transcribed to cDNA with the incorporation of fluorescent-labeled dUTP to prepare the hybridization probes. The mixed probes were hybridized to Whole Human Gene Expression Microarrays by Agilent. Tumor-related genes were screened by analyzing the fluorescence intensity. As a result, a total of 447 genes were found to be differentially expressed between PA and normal tissue adjacent to PA. Among them, 185 genes were up-regulated and 262 genes were down-regulated in PA. By constructing a network from the differentially expressed genes, some genes, such as Gli2 and CTNNB1, were identified as being at the core of the network. In addition, differential gene expression was validated for 2 up-regulated genes, Gli2 and LOX, using real-time PCR and the results were consistent with those of the cDNA microarray analysis thus verifying the credibility of the microarray data. Therefore, our microarray data may provide clues for finding novel genes involved in the development of PA, and shed light on finding new targets for diagnosis and therapy of PA. Further characterization of these differentially expressed genes will be useful in understanding the genetic basis for PA.
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