Nitrogen source is required for the growth of Cordyceps cicadae and involved in the regulation of metabolite synthesis. In order to further investigate the regulatory effects of nitrogen sources on the ergosterol synthesis by C. cicadae. We first confirmed that urea could significantly increase the ergosterol synthesis. The transcriptome analysis showed that compared with biomass cultured in the control fermentation medium (CFM), 1340 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by Gene Ontology (GO) annotation, and 312 DEGs were obtained by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation from the biomass cultured in CFM + CO(NH2)2. Urea up-regulated D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase gene transcription level and down-regulated enolase and L-serine/L-threonine ammonialyase gene transcription level, increased serine synthesis, allosterically activate pyruvate kinase, to promote the synthesis of pyruvate and CH3CO ~ SCOA, the primer of ergosterol; Urea increase the genes transcription related with ergosterol synthesis by up-regulating the steroid regulatory element binding protein gene transcription levels. The transcriptome results were provided by those of qRT-PCR. Collectively, our finding provided valuable insights into the regulatory effect of nitrogen source on the ergosterol synthesis by C. cicadae.
Saponins possess a variety of pharmacological effects and exhibit great potential in the food industry as bioactive substances. In this study, extracellular saponin production via the liquid fermentation of Tuber melanosporum occurred with the addition of rutin. For this purpose, medium composition and culture conditions were optimized using single-factor experiments and an orthogonal experiment design. The optimal medium consisted of glucose (43.5 g/L), peptone (6 g/L), KH2PO4 (1.15 g/L), NaCl (0.2 g/L), vitamin B2 (0.082 g/L), vitamin B6 (0.1 g/L), vitamin C (0.02 g/L), and rutin (4.8 g/L). The culture conditions were as follows: 12.5% (v/v) inoculation, medium volume of 50 mL/250 mL flask, culture temperature of 24 °C, shaker speed of 190 rpm, initial pH of 5.7, and culture time of 96 h. Finally, a maximal extracellular saponin content of 0.413 g/L was obtained, which was 134.7% higher than that in the base medium. Rutin proved to be an excellent promoter, because the saponin production was increased by 50.2% compared to that in the optimized medium without rutin. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power of truffle saponins reached 94.13%, 79.26%, and 42.22 mM, respectively. This study provides a useful strategy for fungal bioactive saponin production by liquid fermentation with the addition of flavonoid compounds.
The paper aims to research technological property right's contribution to enterprise's value. Choosing three maturity high-tech industries in China, the paper selects two indexes as substitute variables of technological property right of enterprise: the value of technical intangible assets and the number of firm's patents. Using stock market value in the end of a year as substitute variable of enterprise's value, the paper studies the correlation between enterprises' value and their technological property right using Ordinary Least Square method. We find that both the value of technical intangible assets and the number of firm's patents has significant positive effect on enterprise's value. From subgroup analyses we find that the number of patents has more positive influence on enterprise's value in private enterprises whereas the value of technical intangible assets contribute more in state-owned enterprises. And in computer and communication industries, technologic property rights has more contribution to improve enterprise's value than that in instrument and meter industries, and in pharmaceutical manufacturing industry, the number of patents is the solely significant factor that positively influencing enterprise's value in technical intangible assets. 1
Abstract-The paper proposed a concept of value grade to assess value of technological property right from four aspects: law value, economic value, technologcal value and market value. Firstly, the paper analyzes the influencing factors for the value of technological property right and formed a indexes system to analyze the value of technological perperty right. Some methods of calculating the value of indexes had been proposed ; Secondly, using Analytic Hierarchy Process method, the paper estalished an model to rate value grade of technological property right. The paper finally examined the rating system by calculating value grade of two technological property rights from two LED lighting manufactories in Guangdong province in China, and the method has been proven to be a feasible and practical way to evaluate the value of technological property right.
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