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In 2011, Hansen discovered the natural antisense transcript (NAT) of the cerebellar degenerationrelated protein 1 gene (CDR1), and further described CDR1 NAT as a circular RNA (CircRNA). CDR1 antisense RNA (CDR1as), which is the official name of CDR1 NAT, is conserved and extensively expressed in most eutherian mammal brains and other specialized tissues. Further studies have elucidated its biogenesis, features, functions, and relationships with diseases. CDR1as is involved in many disease processes as a microRNA (miR) sponge. Therefore, it seems that further research on CDR1as could facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of some diseases, such as cancer and diabetes. However, a detailed analysis of the results of studies on CDR1as revealed that they are inconsistent and make unclear conclusions. In this review, we gathered and analyzed the recent studies about CDR1as in detail and aimed to elucidate accurate conclusions from them.

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Molecules secreted by cells into the internal environment during aging, including those secreted in exosomes, have long been a matter of concern. Those cells that absorb exosomes, also known as recipient cells, exhibit certain phenotypic changes because of the regulatory role of functional molecules (including proteins and nucleic acids) released in exosomes. Involvement of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the regulation of aging has received increasing attention, and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) have become one of the research hotspots in recent years. LncRNAs carried by exosomes play a role in intercellular communication between adjacent and distant cells. Moreover, exosomal lncRNAs promote the decline of organ functions and the development of age-related diseases, including atherosclerosis, Type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and cancer. Here, we review the regulatory roles of exosomal lncRNAs in aging and age-related diseases. K E Y W O R D S age-related diseases, aging, exosomes, lncRNAs

Increases in age are accompanied by vascular aging, which can lead to a variety of chronic diseases, including atherosclerosis and hypertension. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have become a research hotspot in different fields of life sciences in recent years. For example, these molecules have been found to have regulatory roles in many physiological and pathological processes. Many studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) also play a regulatory role in vascular aging. Endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are important components of blood vessels, and the senescence of both cell types promotes the occurrence of vascular aging. This review provides a contemporary update on the molecular mechanisms underlying the senescence of ECs and VSMCs and the regulatory role of miRNAs and lncRNAs in this process.

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