A new fluorescence probe was developed for HClO detection under physiological conditions, which displayed fast response (t1/2 < 30 s) and large off-on fluorescence increase (>1000-fold) toward HClO with high sensitivity and selectivity. The probe was successfully applied for the detection of both exogenous and endogenous HClO in living cells. Using the probe-based tool, we could observe the H2S-induced HClO biogenesis in living cells for the first time.
ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters can transfer a variety of antiviral agents from the cytoplasm to body fluid, which results in a reduced intracellular concentration of the drugs. Proteins of HIV-1, e.g., Tat and gp120, altered some types of ABC transporter expression in brain microvascular endothelial cells and astrocytes. However, the effect of Tat on ABC transporters in T lymphocytes is unclear. In this study the status of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) in Tat expressing cell lines was examined with real-time PCR and flow cytometry. It was found that HIV-1 Tat protein upregulated BCRP expression and enhanced efflux mediated by BCRP significantly, which could inhibit antiviral drugs from entering infected cells and interfere with the therapeutic effect of HAART.
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