ObjectiveSocial media disorder (SMD) is an increasing problem, especially in adolescents. The lack of a consensual classification for SMD hinders the further development of the research field. The six components of Griffiths’ biopsychosocial model of addiction have been the most widely used criteria to assess and diagnosis SMD. The Bergen social media addiction scale (BSMAS) based on Griffiths’ six criteria is a widely used instrument to assess the symptoms and prevalence of SMD in populations. This study aims to: (1) determine the optimal cut-off point for the BSMAS to identify SMD among Chinese adolescents, and (2) evaluate the contribution of specific criteria to the diagnosis of SMD.MethodStructured diagnostic interviews in a clinical sample (n = 252) were performed to determine the optimal clinical cut-off point for the BSMAS. The BSMAS was further used to investigate SMD in a community sample of 21,375 adolescents.ResultsThe BSMAS score of 24 was determined as the best cut-off score based on the gold standards of clinical diagnosis. The estimated 12-month prevalence of SMD among Chinese adolescents was 3.5%. According to conditional inference trees analysis, the criteria “mood modification”, “conflict”, “withdrawal”, and “relapse” showed the higher predictive power for SMD diagnosis.ConclusionsResults suggest that a BSMAS score of 24 is the optimal clinical cut-off score for future research that measure SMD and its impact on health among adolescents. Furthermore, criteria of “mood modification”, “conflict”, “withdrawal”, and “relapse” are the most relevant to the diagnosis of SMA in Chinese adolescents.

Background: The nine-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short-Form (IGDS9-SF) is a self-reported screening measure based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria. It has been used to assesses symptoms and prevalence of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) in general population. Despite its widespread use, there is confusion arising from the recommended cutoff score for a positive diagnosis. This study aimed to identify the appropriate cutoff score for IGDS9-SF in a Chinese context. Methods:The present study included a sample from clinical settings (n = 131) and another from universities (n = 3742). IGDS9-SF measurement and structured clinical interviews based on DSM-5 criteria for IGD were conducted in the sample from clinical settings. The cutoff score was determined using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve. The validity of this cutoff score was further assessed in a sample from universities.Results: Mathematical models suggest that the score of 32 is the optimal cutoff point (Youden's index, 96.2%; diagnostic accuracy, 96.1%; sensitivity, 98.0%; specificity, 91.9%; NPV, 91.9%; and NPY, 100%). The prevalence of IGD is 2.9% in this study. Conclusion:This study suggested that the optimal cutoff score of IGDS9-SF is 32 for the positive diagnosis of IGD in a Chinese context.

The qi stagnation constitution is associated with depression in traditional Chinese medicine. It is unclear how rumination and stressful life events affect the relationship between the qi stagnation constitution and depression. The Qi Stagnation Constitution Scale, Ruminative Response Scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist were used to assess this association in 1200 female college students. The results revealed that the qi stagnation constitution was positively associated with depression. Furthermore, rumination was a partial mediator of the relationship between the qi stagnation constitution and depression. In addition, stressful life events moderated the direct effect and mediating effect of the qi stagnation constitution on depression. These findings indicate that rumination and stressful life events may affect the relationship between the qi stagnation constitution and depression in women.

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