Preparation of LiMn2O4 with an enhanced performance by mixed liquid and mechanical activations

Liu, Qiaosheng; Yu, Linghui; Wang, Haihui

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.07.087

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Spinel type LiMn 2 O 4 cathode materials [2] are thought to be promising for lithium ion batteries in EVs and HEVs, owing to advantages such as low cost, abundant source materials, non-toxicity and high thermal stability. To date, various techniques for preparing LiMn 2 O 4 cathode materials via liquidphase reactions [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] or solid-state reactions [11][12][13] have been developed in order to improve the electrochemical properties of the materials, including the cycling stability, rechargeable capacity and recharging rate. We have focused on spray pyrolysis among the liquid-phase reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and electrochemical properties of Li-rich spinel type LiMn2O4 powders by spray pyrolysis using aqueous solution of manganese carbonate

Hirose

Kodera

Ogihara

2010

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and electrochemical properties of Li-rich spinel type LiMn2O4 powders by spray pyrolysis using aqueous solution of manganese carbonate

Hirose

Kodera

Ogihara

2010

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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“…When 1 ≤ x ≤ 2, the theoretical specific capacity is 296 mA h g -1 and the potential is 3 V vs. Li/Li + . 4 Furthermore, the preparation of the spinel Li x Mn 2 O 4 is easy, being usually done by solidstate reaction 5,6 between compounds containing Li (LiOH, LiCO 3 ) and Mn (MnO 2 , Mn 2 O 3 , Mn 3 O 4 , MnCO 3 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New, Friendlier Methodology to Determine the Average Manganese Valence in LixMn2O4 Spinels Using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Molecular Absorption Spectrophotometry

Silva¹,

Silva²,

Biaggio³

et al. 2017

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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An alternative, friendlier methodology for the determination of the average manganese valence (ν) of manganese oxides (mainly pure and doped spinels) is presented. This methodology is based on the facile determination of the concentration of Mn 2+ and Fe 2+ ions by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and molecular absorption spectrophotometry (MAS), respectively. Prior to this determination, the manganese oxides are reacted with an acidic solution containing Fe 2+ ions, when all Mn ν+ ions are reduced to Mn 2+. Then, the concentration of Mn 2+ ions is obtained directly by AAS, whereas that of Fe 2+ ions is obtained by MAS after their complexation with o-phenanthroline. Using this methodology, the obtained mean (n = 3) ν values for the stoichiometric oxides Mn 2 O 3 and Mn 3 O 4 are 2.98 ± 0.01 and 2.66 ± 0.01, respectively; their precision is a clear evidence of the suitability of the here-proposed methodology. Additionally, a precise mean ν value (3.46 ± 0.01; n = 3) is also obtained for the spinel Li 1.05 Mn 2 O 4 , whereas a higher ν value (3.52 and 3.53; n = 2) is obtained for the doped spinel Li 1.05 Mn 1.98 Al 0.02 O 3.98 S 0.02 , evidencing that effective doping has been indeed attained. This novel methodology is easily applicable for Mn oxides in electrode materials of many energy storage devices. Keywords IntroductionIn the last decade, the popularization of portable electronic devices has increased, leading to a growing demand for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). In this scenario, some oxides have been targeted for studying and testing as cathode materials in LIBs; the spinel lithium manganese oxide (Li x Mn 2 O 4 ) is one of these oxides.1,2 The use of this spinel is favored by factors such as the manganese abundance, non-toxicity, and low cost, as well as the possibility of insertion of two lithium ions per formula unit.3 When 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, Li 3 Therefore, the average manganese valence of doped spinels is a useful parameter because it can provide information on their effective doping and structural changes.As far as we could ascertain, the most common approach to determine the average manganese valence of manganese oxides has been the Vetter and Jaeger's method, 33 employs an acid solution of potassium iodide to reduce all Mn ions in the manganese oxides to Mn 2+ ions. In this process, iodine is formed and quantified by titration with a sodium thiosulfate solution, while Mn 2+ ions are determined by titration with an EDTA solution. Titration of iodine was also proposed by Licci et al. 34 to determine the average manganese valence in Mn-La complexes. Firstly, after the Mn-La complex is dissolved in dilute H 2 SO 4 , the Mn ions are oxidized to permanganate ions by adding an excess of solid bismuthate, followed by the addition of an iodide solution (also in excess) that converts all permanganate ions into Mn 2+ ions, yielding iodine. In a parallel step, the Mn-La complex is reacted directly with an iodide solution, also yielding iodine. In both cases, the iodine is amperometrically titrated with a thio...

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“…The low cost and low toxicity of LiMn 2 O 4 have created intense research interest in its use as a replacement of LiCoO 2 [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. However, the large capacity loss of LiMn 2 O 4 during the cycling phase discourages any commercial use of the material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of protecting layer [Li,La]TiO3 on electrochemical properties of LiMn2O4 for lithium batteries

Jung

Kim

Park

2011

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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Preparation of LiMn2O4 with an enhanced performance by mixed liquid and mechanical activations

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Synthesis and electrochemical properties of Li-rich spinel type LiMn2O4 powders by spray pyrolysis using aqueous solution of manganese carbonate

Synthesis and electrochemical properties of Li-rich spinel type LiMn2O4 powders by spray pyrolysis using aqueous solution of manganese carbonate

A New, Friendlier Methodology to Determine the Average Manganese Valence in LixMn2O4 Spinels Using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Molecular Absorption Spectrophotometry

Effects of protecting layer [Li,La]TiO3 on electrochemical properties of LiMn2O4 for lithium batteries

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