Ezrin is a membrane-cytoskeletal linker belonging to the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) family and has been suggested to be involved in tumorigenesis. In this study we investigated ezrin expression pattern in normal esophageal mucosa and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and the correlation with clinical characteristics. Immunohistochemical staining showed a tendency for ezrin to translocate from membrane to cytoplasm in the progression from normal epithelium to invasive carcinoma of the esophagus. By Western blot, we found that ezrin expression was downregulated in 13 ESCC specimens and upregulated in 36 others. Moreover, quantitative real-time RT-PCR demonstrated that ezrin mRNA level in normal esophageal mucosa was 3.60 ± 3.60 times that in ESCC ( p<0.001). Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression level was higher in ezrin downregulated group compared with that in ezrin upregulated group ( p<0.05). However, there was no significant association between ezrin expression and clinical characteristics. The results suggested that the localization of ezrin by immunohistochemistry may be useful in the diagnosis of ESCC, and ezrin may play a suppressive role in the tumorgenesis of ESCC.

Permanent magnetic fault-tolerant motors have been developed rapidly due to their high reliability and have been widely used in many special fields. Compared with the conventional module faulttolerant motor, the module combined stator permanent magnetic fault-tolerant motor (MCS-PMFTSM) with unequal span winding has two sizes of span coils in each operation module, which realizes the electrical decoupling and mechanical decoupling between the module motors and solves the problem that the span of the double-layer winding of the conventional modular fault-tolerant motor can only be 1. Winding parameters of the unequal span are calculated, on the basis of which the operation performance of MCS-PMFTSM can be analyzed. The performance of MCS-PMFTSM in the normal operation and three failure operations (open circuit failure, Short circuit fault, concurrent failure) are analyzed by finite element method, which proves that it has good fault tolerance. The 12kW100r/min MCS-PMFTSM prototype is tested to verify the correctness of the analysis method and the rationality of the proposed MCS-PMFTSM.

To solve the problems of large-size machining and complex control of fault-tolerant permanent magnet machines, a module-combined stator permanent magnet synchronous machine is proposed in this paper. The winding of the module-combined stator has two forms: large and small spans. The independent power supply of each module is adopted to decouple the electricity between each module, which enhances the manufacturing flexibility and the fault-tolerant ability of the motor. A mathematical model of the module-combined stator permanent magnet synchronous machine is established, and the design method of the machine is summarized. Then the analytical formula of the radial force acting on the stator under asymmetric operation is deduced. In addition, the torque-angle characteristics of the machine and the factors affecting the radial force are studied. Finally, the machine is prototyped, and both simulation and experiment are used verify the rationality of the proposed design.INDEX TERMS Module-combined stator, asymmetric operation, torque-angle characteristic, fault-tolerant.

No abstract

Low-speed and high-torque direct-drive permanent-magnet motors have found wide applications primarily due to their outstanding performance characteristics. The special applications of these motors demand high reliability against the motor drive system, that is, the power system should have a certain level of fault tolerance. Therefore, the fault-tolerant motor drive system has been the focus of research all over the world. Many fault-tolerant motors can only deal with the open-circuit fault of the winding or drive, and their capability of fault tolerance is substantially limited. When in operation, the short-circuit fault caused by the ageing of winding insulation may result in more serious hazards than the open circuit in the winding. Such serious faults should be tolerated by the fault-tolerant system. Moreover, the simpler maintenance or shutdown repair upon completion of fault-tolerant operation of large-sized fault-tolerant motors should also be considered. Therefore, a permanent-magnet fault-tolerant motor with module combination stator (MCS-PMFTSM) and unequal span winding is proposed. By changing the winding structure of the conventional motor the modular operation of the whole motor is achieved, which not only provides the motor with a high fault tolerance capacity but also reduces the downtime during repair and maintenance. In this work, the structure and operating principles of the MCS-PMFTSM are described followed by the evaluation of the operation performances of the MCS-PMFTSM under different fault conditions and various control strategies. The faulttolerant capacity of this new machine is then analysed, and the prototype is tested with a power of 12 kW and a rated speed of 100 r/min. Both theoretical analysis and test results demonstrate the outstanding operation performance and high fault tolerance of the motor.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

Combining Schwarz–Christoffel transformation, magnetic field reconstruction method, and Maxwell stress tensor method, the calculation model of cogging torque of a dual‐stator axial flux permanent magnet machine is established. The end effect and slotting effect are both been taken into account. The results are verified by finite element method. And with the proposed method, calculation time can be significantly reduced compared with finite element method. Three measures to reduce the cogging torque of dual‐stator axial flux permanent magnet machines are discussed based on which the cogging torque is optimized by genetic algorithm. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of selenium (Se) and iodine (I) for expressions of c-fos and c-jun mRNA and their proteins in cultured rat hippocampus cells in selenium- and iodine-containing medium. With cultured rat hippocampus cells, the different doses of Se and I were added into the medium. The expressions of c-fos/c-jun in cultured rat hippocampus cells (1 d, 3 d, 5 d, 7 d, and 10 d) were studied by using both in situ hybridization histochemistry and SABC immunohistochemistry techniques. Both Se and I could enhance expressions of c-fos and c-jun mRNA and their proteins, especially c-jun mRNA expression in the Se and I united group. Se and I could promote the expressions of c-fos and c-jun and thus may affect the differentiation and development of hippocampus neurons.

Based on Schwarz–Christoffel mapping, this paper presents a fast analytical method to analyze the electromagnetic force of eccentric axial flux permanent magnet machines, considering static, dynamic, and mixed eccentricities. A quasi-3D model of an axial flux permanent magnet machine is established, and the magnetic field is obtained by Schwarz–Christoffel mapping. The electromagnetic force density is obtained by the Maxwell stress tensor method, and the electromagnetic force density is used to characterize the variation of electromagnetic force. The distribution law of electromagnetic force is investigated. The calculated results are verified by the finite element method, which has shown that the method in this paper can be widely used in the analysis of axial flux permanent magnet machines.