Pad misalignments are almost inevitable in most inductive power transfer (IPT) systems. It tends to cause parameter variations and thus significantly affecting the performance of the IPT system. In this paper, a hybrid IPT system with misalignment tolerance using quadruple D quadrature pads (QDQPs) is proposed to tolerate x-, y-, z-and diagonal misalignments with load-independent output voltage, simplifying or even canceling control schemes. Besides, the proposed approach can restrict the increase of the primary current when the secondary side moves out of the operating region. Moreover, a new parametric design method is presented according to the misalignment characteristics of QDQPs. The method can limit the output voltage fluctuation to a certain range given a predetermined misalignment distance. A 3.5-kW prototype was built to verify the proposed hybrid IPT system. The primary and secondary coil sizes are both 400 mm×400 mm and the air gap is 150mm. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid system can tolerate -150 mm to +150 mm x-misalignment, -150 mm to +150 mm y-misalignment, -20 mm to +35 mm z-misalignment, and -100mm to +100mm diagonal misalignment with load-independent output voltage. Within the predetermined misalignment range, the output voltage fluctuation is less than 5%.
Compensation topologies with constant current (CC) or constant voltage (CV) play essential roles in inductive power transfer (IPT) systems. This article describes basic LC resonance principles, which can analyse the output characteristics of all the compensation topologies with CC or CV outputs. By combining LC principles, a new parameter tuning method for LCC/LCC topology with CV output is proposed, followed by efficiency analysis and sensitivity analysis as per various configurations. Moreover, comparing with conventional topologies, it indicates that the LCC/LCC topology has three advantages: (i) The output voltage is load-independent, and it can easily achieve zero phase angle (ZPA) or zero voltage switching (ZVS); (ii) This topology can free the design from the restrictions enforced by the loosely coupled transformer parameters; (iii) The topology is equipped with high-order harmonic suppression capability. Finally, a 1300-W laboratory-scale prototype with a 15 cm air gap was built to verify the theoretical analysis. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and superiority of the proposed LCC/LCC IPT system with new parameter tuning method.
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