Piggybacking is an efficient method to decrease the repair bandwidth of Maximum Distance Separable (MDS) codes or Minimum Storage Regenerating (MSR) codes. In this paper, for minimizing the repair bandwidth of parity nodes of the known MSR codes with high rate, which is usually the whole size of the original data, i.e., the maximal, a new systematic piggybacking design is proposed through an in-depth analysis of the design of piggybacking. As a result, new MSR codes are obtained with almost optimal repair bandwidth of parity nodes while retaining the optimal repair bandwidth of systematic nodes. Furthermore, MSR codes with balanced download during node repair process are presented based on the new piggybacking design.
Local electron work function, adhesive force, modulus and deformation of ferrite and austenite phases in a duplex stainless steel were analyzed by scanning force microscopy. It is demonstrated that the austenite has a higher electron work function than the ferrite, corresponding to higher modulus, smaller deformation and larger adhesive force. Relevant first-principles calculations were conducted to elucidate the mechanism behind. It is demonstrated that the difference in the properties between austenite and ferrite is intrinsically related to their electron work functions.
Pad misalignments are almost inevitable in most inductive power transfer (IPT) systems. It tends to cause parameter variations and thus significantly affecting the performance of the IPT system. In this paper, a hybrid IPT system with misalignment tolerance using quadruple D quadrature pads (QDQPs) is proposed to tolerate x-, y-, z-and diagonal misalignments with load-independent output voltage, simplifying or even canceling control schemes. Besides, the proposed approach can restrict the increase of the primary current when the secondary side moves out of the operating region. Moreover, a new parametric design method is presented according to the misalignment characteristics of QDQPs. The method can limit the output voltage fluctuation to a certain range given a predetermined misalignment distance. A 3.5-kW prototype was built to verify the proposed hybrid IPT system. The primary and secondary coil sizes are both 400 mm×400 mm and the air gap is 150mm. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid system can tolerate -150 mm to +150 mm x-misalignment, -150 mm to +150 mm y-misalignment, -20 mm to +35 mm z-misalignment, and -100mm to +100mm diagonal misalignment with load-independent output voltage. Within the predetermined misalignment range, the output voltage fluctuation is less than 5%.
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