As a sudden heavy metal pollution accident occurs in a drainage basin, decision makers need to quickly select the optimal emergency treatment technology and formulate emergency schemes according to the actual accident characteristics. Therefore, a two-step identification method of emergency treatment technology for sudden heavy metal pollution accidents based on Dempster-Shafer (D-S) evidence theory is proposed, in order to screen the optimal emergency treatment technology effectively and solve the conflict among fusion data in the process of index quantification. Firstly, the available technologies were screened preliminarily by the primary identification indexes (technical characteristic indexes). Secondly, the weight synthesis method based on the D-S evidence theory and attribute assignment was utilized to score the secondary identification indexes (technical evaluation indexes) of each available technology comprehensively. Finally, the optimal emergency treatment technology for this sudden pollution accident was obtained. Taking the sudden arsenic pollution accident of the Picang flood diversion channel in Linyi, Shandong Province as an example, the activated alumina adsorption dam technology was extracted successfully, which is in accordance with the actual treatment situation. The result shows that the method has strong feasibility and practicability, which can provide strong decision support for dealing with sudden pollution accidents in drainage basins efficiently.

Currently, the limited efficacy of antithrombotic treatments is attributed to the inadequacy of pure drugs and the low ability of drugs to target the thrombus site. More importantly, timely thrombolysis is essential to reduce the sequelae of cardiovascular disease, but ischemia−reperfusion injury (IRI) remains a major challenge that must be solved after blood flow recovery. Herein, a multifunctional therapeutic nanoparticle (NP) based on Fe 3 O 4 and strontium ions encapsulated in mesoporous polydopamine was successfully constructed and then loaded with TNK-tPA (FeM@Sr-TNK NPs). The NPs (59.9 min) significantly prolonged the half-life of thrombolytic drugs, which was 3.04 times that of TNK (19.7 min), and they had good biological safety. The NPs were shown to pass through vascular models with different inner diameters, curvatures, and stenosis under magnetic targeting and to enable accurate diagnosis of thrombi by photoacoustic imaging. NPs combined with the magnetic hyperthermia technique were used to accelerate thrombolysis and quickly open blocked blood vessels. Then, renal IRI-induced functional metabolic disorder and tissue damage were evidently attenuated by scavenging toxic reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and through the protective effects of bioactive ion therapy, including reduced apoptosis, increased angiogenesis, and inhibited fibrosis. In brief, we constructed a multifunctional nanoplatform for integrating a "diagnosis-therapy-protection" approach to achieve comprehensive management from thrombus to renal IRI, promoting the advancement of related technologies.

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The sudden pollution accident in a river basin is combined with accident cause, cause factor (pollutants) and the receptive environment all together, this study brings up the method to establish the information chain of sudden pollution accidents in a river basin which can describe the causality of all information. Take the sudden oil pollution accident in a river basin as an example, the information system of sudden pollution accidents in a river basin is established from five aspects: pollution source characteristics, pollution characteristics, regional environment characteristics, lash-up treatment technology status and pollution impact characteristics. Through index abstraction and structure representation for the above information, and connect the interactive relationship of the node variables with directed edge line segments, based on which the expert knowledge analysis synthesis method is applied to achieve the optimal causal direction relationship, and the information chain of sudden oil pollution accident in the river basin is ultimately established. This information chain can sufficiently show the causal relationship of each information elements in the sudden pollution accident and can supply decision making basis for examining and distinguishing the status of a sudden water pollution accident in a river basin and determining the precise lash-up treatment technology.