The sudden pollution accident in a river basin is combined with accident cause, cause factor (pollutants) and the receptive environment all together, this study brings up the method to establish the information chain of sudden pollution accidents in a river basin which can describe the causality of all information. Take the sudden oil pollution accident in a river basin as an example, the information system of sudden pollution accidents in a river basin is established from five aspects: pollution source characteristics, pollution characteristics, regional environment characteristics, lash-up treatment technology status and pollution impact characteristics. Through index abstraction and structure representation for the above information, and connect the interactive relationship of the node variables with directed edge line segments, based on which the expert knowledge analysis synthesis method is applied to achieve the optimal causal direction relationship, and the information chain of sudden oil pollution accident in the river basin is ultimately established. This information chain can sufficiently show the causal relationship of each information elements in the sudden pollution accident and can supply decision making basis for examining and distinguishing the status of a sudden water pollution accident in a river basin and determining the precise lash-up treatment technology.

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