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Plumbagin (PLB), an alkaloid obtained from the roots of the plants of Plumbago genus, is an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4). This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effect of PLB against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGDR)-induced neuroinjury in human SH-SY5Y neuronal cultures. Our results showed that OGD/R stimulated NOX4 protein expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in SH-SY5Y cells, whereas increased 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA) production, resulting in the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. And PLB pretreatment reduced the ROS production by regulating the expression of NOX4 and downregulated NF-κB signaling which was induced by OGDR. Furthermore, PLB inhibited OGDR induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation but not PARP1. Overall, PLB improved OGDR induced neuroinjury by inhibiting NOX4-derived ROS-activated NLRP3 inflammasome.

Interactive tools make data analysis more efficient and more accessible to end-users by hiding the underlying query complexity and exposing interactive widgets for the parts of the query that matter to the analysis. However, creating custom tailored (i.e., precise) interfaces is very costly, and automated approaches are desirable. We propose a syntactic approach that uses queries from an analysis to generate a tailored interface. We model interface widgets as functions I(q) → q ′ that modify the current analysis query q, and interfaces as the set of queries that its widgets can express. Our system, Precision Interfaces, analyzes structural changes between input queries from an analysis, and generates an output interface with widgets to express those changes. Our experiments on the Sloan Digital Sky Survey query log suggest that Precision Interfaces can generate useful interfaces for simple unanticipated tasks, and our optimizations can generate interfaces from logs of up to 10,000 queries in ≤ 10s.