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Although program faults are widely studied, there are many aspects of faults that we still do not understand, particularly about 00 software. In addition to the simple fact that one important goal during testing is to cause failures and thereby detect faults, a full understanding of the characteristics of faults is crucial to several research areas. The power that inheritance and polymorphism brings to the expressiveness of programming languages also brings a number of new anomalies and fuult types. This paper presents a model for the appearance and realization of 00 faults and defines and discusses specijic categories of inheritance and polymorphic faults. The model and categories can be used to support empirical investigations of object-oriented testing techniques, to inspire further research into objectoriented testing and analysis, and to help improve design and development of object-oriented software.

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Mutation detection in the guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I gene (GCH1) was performed from 4 female patients with dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD). DNA sequencing revealed the presence of four novel mutations including c.2T>C(M1T), c.239G>A(S80N), c.245T>C(L82P), and IVS5+3 del AAGT. These four mutations were not found in 100 genetically unrelated healthy controls with the same ethnic background band. In all 3 childhood-onset patients, DRD started in the legs, and missense mutations were located in the coding region of GCH1. Deletion mutation in the fifth exon-intron boundary of GCH1 was detected in the adult-onset patient. Although the data presented here do not provide sufficient evidence to establish a genotype-phenotype correlation of DRD, it is important to know the clinic features and genetic defects of DRD patients, which will help prenatal diagnosis, early diagnosis, evaluate the prognosis, and facilitate causal therapy with levodopa.

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Relationships between microstructural and mechanical aging effects in eutectic PbSn and Pb-free solder alloy Sn3.9Ag0.6Cu are reported and compared. The room temperature aged Sn3.9Ag0.6Cu alloy continually age-softened, this softening correlated with the growth of relatively large tin-rich crystals. The 180°C aged Sn3.9Ag0.6Cu alloy initially age-softened, and the minimum flow strength was reached after one day at 180°C. This softening correlated with the growth of relatively large tin-rich crystals and with the coarsening of Ag3Sn particles. When aged at 180°C beyond one day the Sn3.9Ag0.6Cu alloy age-hardened, the hardening correlated with the dispersion of Ag3Sn particles into tin-rich crystals which previously had not contained intermetallic precipitates.