Effect of rare earth and titanium additions on the microstructures and properties of low carbon Fe–B cast steel

Fu, Hanguang; Xiao, Qiang; Kuang, Jiacai; Jiang, Zhiqiang; Xing, Jiandong

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2007.02.032

Cited by 165 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…There have been a number of researches pertaining to the application of REM elements in molten steel. Substantial improvements have been achieved in mechanical properties due to the modifications of the morphology and size of inclusions [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. However, the purity of steel can be declined and some important properties deteriorated when the REM addition technology is improperly used, such as the unreasonable amounts of REM addition, which will eventually affect the application of REM in the steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Rare Earth on the Microstructure and Impact Toughness of H13 Steel

Gao

Liu

et al. 2015

Metals

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Studies of H13 steel suggest that under appropriate conditions, additions of rare-earth metals (REM) can significantly enhance mechanical properties, such as impact toughness. This improvement is apparently due to the formation of finer and more dispersive RE inclusions and grain refinement after REM additions. In this present work, the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of H13 steel with rare earth additions (0, 0.015, 0.025 and 0.1 wt.%) were investigated. The grain size, inclusions and fracture morphology were systematically studied by means of optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicate that REM addition of 0.015 wt.% can result in good improvement of performance compared to the REM additions of 0.025 wt.% and 0.1 wt.%. It is found that the impact toughness is significantly enhanced with the addition of 0.015% REM, which can be improved 90% from 10 J to 19 J. Such an addition of REM can result in a huge volume fraction of finer and more dispersive inclusions which are extremely good to toughness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Rare Earth on the Microstructure and Impact Toughness of H13 Steel

Gao

Liu

et al. 2015

Metals

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“…4(a), and pearlite were proved by X-ray diffraction spectrum (Fig. 5) of specimen E. The microindentation hardnesses of ferrite and pearlite were 215±11 HV and 312±13 HV, respectively [19] . Areas 1 and 2 of Fig.…”

Section: Microstructures Of As-cast and Heat Treated Fe-b Alloysmentioning

confidence: 91%

Effect of Fe2B boride orientation on abrasion wear resistance of Fe-B cast alloy

Xing

et al. 2017

China Foundry

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W ear is one of the most important cost factors during mineral processing, rolling steel, cement production and material handling [1][2][3] . High chromium cast irons and Ni hard cast irons contain many eutectic carbides which have high hardness and excellent wear resistance. They are widely used in the above wear domain [4][5][6] . Because high chromium cast irons contain many alloy elements, such as chromium, nickel and molybdenum, etc., they have higher production cost. Moreover, they also have high brittleness and low toughness. Therefore, the development of a high property and low cost wear-resistant material has an important meaning. The proper boron concentration in a low alloy cast steel can produce high hardness boride and improve the wear resistance [7][8][9][10] , which also reduces the addition Abstract:The microstructures and abrasion wear resistance of directional solidification Fe-B alloy have been investigated using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and laser scanning microscopy. The results show that the microstructure of as-cast Fe-B alloy consists of ferrite, pearlite and eutectic boride. After heat treatment, the microstructure is composed of boride and martensite. The plane which is perpendicular to the boride growth direction possesses the highest hardness. In two-body abrasive wear tests, the silicon carbide abrasive can cut the boride and martensite matrix synchronously, and the wear mechanism is micro cutting mechanism. The worn surface roughness and the wear weight loss both increase with the increasing contact load. Moreover, when the boride growth direction is perpendicular to the worn surface, the highest hardness plane of the boride can effectively oppose abrasion, and the martensite matrix can surround and support borides perfectly. of scarce molybdenum and chromium elements, and therefore decreases the production cost. Previous studies [11,12] showed that the hardness of Fe 2 B and FeB type borides is up to 1,500 and 2,400 HV, respectively, while the hardness of (Cr,Fe) 7 C 3 type carbide is only 1,300-1,500 HV. The investigations [13,14] on abrasion wear resistance of high chromium cast irons discovered that M 7 C 3 carbides have higher microindentation hardness in the transverse direction than in the longitudinal direction, and high chromium cast irons present higher abrasion resistance in the transverse section than in the longitudinal section of the M 7 C 3 carbides. Similarly, it has been reported that the borides (Fe 2 B) in Fe-B alloys also have higher microindentation hardness in the transverse than in the longitudinal direction [15] . However, scores of studies have been performed on the effect of boride orientation on abrasion wear resistance. Therefore, focus of this study is on the microstructures and the effect of boride orientation on wear behaviors of the Fe-B cast alloys under directional solidification conditions.

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“…In recently years, rare earths were used in various steels and made such positive effects as listed: improved the high temperature oxidation resistance of the heat resistant steel and ferritic steels [4,5]; improved the corrosion resistance of the Fe-Cr alloys and other steels [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]; improved the mechanical properties of many steels at room temperature and elevated temperature, and benefiting the hot workability [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]; modified the microstructures and inclusions in steels [22][23][24][25][26]；and so on. But due to the excessively active chemical properties, RE trend to react with other elements and materials, the yields of RE cannot be controlled prospectively, and the application of RE in steels are commonly restricted to laboratory scale, it has become the main reason of limiting RE's industrial application in steels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yields of rare earths in the process of smelting steels by magnesia crucible

Li¹,

Zhao²,

Liu³

2018

Proceedings of the 2017 3rd International Forum on Energy, Environment Science and Materials (IFEESM 2017)

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Abstract. Two types of steels containing rare earths (RE) were smelted by the vacuum induction furnace with magnesia crucible, RE metals were added in liquid steel at the end of the smelting process, chemical compositions of the test steels were analyzed, and inclusions were observed by scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectrometer. The experimental results show that the yields of RE have no direct relationship with the oxygen and sulphur contents, but decrease with the increasing of RE addition amounts. The reaction between RE and MgO (the material of the crucible) is the major RE consumption mode, parts of the outer refractory are peeled off and become inclusions in the test steels. Because of the excessively active chemical properties, rare earths trend to react with refractory materials and metallurgical slag. Therefore, it is very difficult to utilize RE in the industrial production processes with con-casting, adding RE in the non-slag and non-refractory special processes may be feasible.

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Effect of rare earth and titanium additions on the microstructures and properties of low carbon Fe–B cast steel

Cited by 165 publications

References 17 publications

Effects of Rare Earth on the Microstructure and Impact Toughness of H13 Steel

Effects of Rare Earth on the Microstructure and Impact Toughness of H13 Steel

Effect of Fe2B boride orientation on abrasion wear resistance of Fe-B cast alloy

Yields of rare earths in the process of smelting steels by magnesia crucible

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