Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified >100 schizophrenia (SCZ)-associated loci, but using these findings to illuminate disease biology remains a challenge. Here, we present integrative RIsk Gene Selector (iRIGS), a Bayesian framework that integrates multi-omics data and gene networks to infer risk genes in GWAS loci. By applying iRIGS to SCZ GWAS data, we predicted a set of high-confidence risk genes (HRGs), most of which are not the nearest genes to the GWAS index variants. HRGs account for a significantly enriched heritability estimated by stratified LD-score regression. Moreover, HRGs are predominantly expressed in brain tissues, especially prenatally, and are enriched for targets of approved drugs, suggesting opportunities to reposition existing drugs for SCZ. Thus, iRIGS can leverage accumulating functional genomics and GWAS data to advance understanding of SCZ etiology and potential therapeutics.

In CRC, metastatic tumors have different but less heterogeneous genomic landscapes than primary tumors. It is possible that CRC metastasis is, at least partly, mediated through a polyclonal seeding mechanism. These findings demonstrated the rationale and feasibility for identifying and targeting primary tumor-derived metastasis-potent subclones for the prediction, prevention, and treatment of CRC metastasis.

AIMTo evaluate the impact of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs on postoperative complications of pancreatic surgery.METHODSComputer searches were performed in databases (including PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase) for randomized controlled trials or case-control studies describing ERAS programs in patients undergoing pancreatic surgery published between January 1995 and August 2017. Two researchers independently evaluated the quality of the studies’ extracted data that met the inclusion criteria and performed a meta-analysis using RevMan5.3.5 software. Forest plots, demonstrating the outcomes of the ERAS group vs the control group after pancreatic surgery, and funnel plots were used to evaluate potential publication bias.RESULTSTwenty case-control studies including 3694 patients, published between January 1995 and August 2017, were selected for the meta-analysis. This study included the ERAS group (n = 1886) and the control group (n = 1808), which adopted the traditional perioperative management. Compared to the control group, the ERAS group had lower delayed gastric emptying rates [odds ratio (OR) = 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.48-0.72, P < 0.00001], lower postoperative complication rates (OR = 0.57, 95%CI: 0.45-0.72, P < 0.00001), particularly for the mild postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo I-II) (OR = 0.71, 95%CI: 0.58-0.88, P = 0.002), lower abdominal infection rates (OR = 0.70, 95%CI: 0.54-0.90, P = 0.006), and shorter postoperative length of hospital stay (PLOS) (WMD = -4.45, 95%CI: -5.99 to -2.91, P < 0.00001). However, there were no significant differences in complications, such as, postoperative pancreatic fistulas, moderate to severe complications (Clavien-Dindo III- V), mortality, readmission and unintended reoperation, in both groups.CONCLUSIONThe perioperative implementation of ERAS programs in pancreatic surgery is safe and effective, can decrease postoperative complication rates, and can promote recovery for patients.

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

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ERAS did not increase 30-day complications compared with CRAS after RC. ERAS may be better than CRAS in terms of bowel movement, tolerance of fluid and regular diet, and ambulation.

Purpose To determine characteristics of Chinese men undergoing initial prostate biopsy and to evaluate the relationship between PSA levels and PCa/HGPCa detection in a large Chinese multicenter cohort. Materials and Methods 13,904 Urology outpatients received biopsy for indications as following were included in this retrospective study: PSA levels of > 4.0 ng/mL or PSA levels of <4.0 ng/ml but with abnormal DRE results. The PSA measurements were performed in accordance with the standard procedures at the respective institutions. The type of assay used was documented and recalibrated to the WHO standard. Results The incidence of PCa and HGPCa were lower in the Chinese cohort than Western cohorts at any given PSA level. Around 25% of patients with PSA levels of 4.0-10.0 ng/mL were found to have PCa compared to approximately 40% in US clinical practice. Moreover, the risk curves were generally flatter than that of the Western cohorts, that is, risk did not increase as rapidly with higher PSA. Conclusions The relationship between PSA level and prostate cancer risk differs importantly between Chinese and Western populations, with overall lower risk in the Chinese cohort. Further research should explore whether environmental or genetic differences explain these findings or whether they result from unmeasured differences in screening or benign prostate disease. Caution is required for the implementation of prostate cancer clinical decision rules or prediction models to men in China, or other Asian countries with similar genetic and environmental backgrounds.

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