Mandatory civil building energy efficiency codes strictly govern the energy consumption of new buildings in China. As the promotion of building energy efficiency in China has increased in recent years, compliance with mandatory civil building energy efficiency codes has also improved, increasing from less than 10% in 2000 to nearly 100% in 2012, a remarkable achievement. However, because the promotion of energy efficiency strategies in China has followed a unique pattern, some researchers doubt these statistics. In response to these doubts, this paper summarises and analyses the framework of measures implemented by the Chinese government to enforce mandatory building energy efficiency codes. First, the development and implementation of China's mandatory civil building energy efficiency code system is summarised. Second, the building supervision and inspection systems used to assess energy efficiency are introduced and analysed in detail in order to provide a framework for the development of energy policies in other countries. Third, the assessment and reporting processes used to determine compliance rates are reviewed. Finally, the improvement of compliance rates and its impact on building energy savings in China are discussed. Along with the increase in compliance rates in the construction stage from 71% in 2007 to 100% in 2012, the energy savings of new buildings per increased floor area per year increased from 20.4 kWh/m 2 to 28.4 kWh/m 2. The supervision and inspection systems reported in this paper are the keys to enforcing building energy efficiency codes.
Co 3 O 4 -CeO 2 catalysts prepared by the co-precipitation method have been studied for the preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide in hydrogen. Effects of the cobalt contents and calcination temperature on Co 3 O 4 -CeO 2 were investigated, and the Co 3 O 4 -CeO 2 catalyst containing 80 wt.% Co 3 O 4 calcined at 350 o C exhibited the highest activity and good selectivity. The influence of the components of the feeding gas (H 2 , CO 2 and H 2 O) on the preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide had also been tested. The tested results showed that the negative effect of H 2 was much weaker than that of H 2 O and CO 2 .
H2Ti12O25 holds great promise as a high‐voltage anode material for advanced lithium‐ion battery applications. To enhance its electrochemical performance, control of the crystal orientation and morphology is an effective way to cope with slow Li+‐ion diffusion inside H2Ti12O25 with severe anisotropy. In this report, Na2Ti6O13 nanorods, prepared from Na2CO3 and anatase TiO2 in molten NaCl medium, were used as a precursor in the synthesis of long single‐crystal H2Ti12O25 nanorods with reactive facets. The as‐prepared H2Ti12O25 nanorods with a diameter of 100–200 nm showed higher charge (extraction) specific capacity and better rate performance than previously reported systems. The reversible capacity of H2Ti12O25 was 219.8 mAh g−1 at 1C after 100 cycles, 172.1 mAh g−1 at 10C, and 144.4 mAh g−1 at 20C after 200 cycles; these values are higher than those of H2Ti12O25 prepared by the conventional soft‐chemical method. Moreover, the as‐prepared H2Ti12O25 nanorods exhibited superior cycle stability with more than 94 % retention of capacity with nearly 100 % coulombic efficiency after 100 cycles at 1C. On the basis of the above results, long single‐crystal H2Ti12O25 nanorods synthesized in molten NaCl with outstanding electrochemical characteristics hold a significant amount of promise for hybrid electric vehicles and energy‐storage systems.
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