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Correlation of clinical features with hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) was investigated. The severity of disease in 103 TRD patients and 103 non-TRD patients was evaluated using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD)-17. The levels of hs-CRP in both groups were detected via immunofluorescence. Clinical features and differences in hs-CRP before and after treatment in both groups were analyzed, and correlation of baseline hs-CRP level with clinical features of TRD patients was also analyzed. Moreover, the relationship between hs-CRP and occurrence of TRD was analyzed using logistic regression analysis, and the diagnostic value of hs-CRP in TRD was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The onset age in the TRD group was lower than that in the non-TRD group, the education in the TRD group was shorter than that in the non-TRD group, the total course of disease in the TRD group was longer than that in the non-TRD group, and both baseline and post-treatment hs-CRP level in the TRD group (12.05±5.79 and 9.02±3.71 mg/l) were higher than those in the non-TRD group (7.85±2.85 and 6.10±2.74 mg/l) (p<0.05). The HAMD score (r=0.338, p=0.031), anxiety/somatization factor score (r=0.465, p=0.015) and sleep disorder (r=0.387, p=0.029) of TRD patients were positively correlated with the hs-CRP level, but the onset age (r=−0.59, p=0.009) was negatively correlated with the hs-CRP level. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the baseline hs-CRP was included into the TRD regression equation [odds ratio (OR) =2.834, 95% confidence interval (CI) =1.723–4.886], and the area under the ROC curve was 0.893 (p<0.05, 95% CI=0.852–0.933). In the TRD group, the course of TRD in patients was longer, the onset of disease was earlier and the educational level was lower than that in the non-TRD group. Therefore, the level of hs-CRP can serve as a reference for the diagnosis of TRD.

Purpose: To investigate the antidepressant effect of Cyperus rotundus L. extract (CRLE) in rats.

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire (CD-Quest) among Chinese college students. Material/Methods A total of 460 college students from Jining were recruited in the study. Sample 1, including 239 college students, was tested for item analysis and exploratory factor analysis. Sample 2, including 221 college students, was tested for confirmatory factor analysis and criterion validity. The criterion validity was tested using the Negative Automatic Thoughts questionnaire (ATQ) and Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS). Test-retest reliability was evaluated in 40 college students from sample 1 with 4 weeks interval. Results The corrected item-total correction (ITC) ranged from 0.675 (emotional reasoning) to 0.829 (unfair comparison). Exploratory factor analysis revealed the variance of the CD-Quest items was unidimensional, and it explained 55.261% of the data variance. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated all regression coefficients were higher than 0.4. The criterion validity was excellent, as shown by the relationships among CD-Quest, DAS, and ATQ ( r =0.447, 0.566, respectively). Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.941 and the test-retest reliability was 0.928. Conclusions The Chinese version of CD-Quest had good reliability and validity, suggesting it is a reliable tool to evaluate cognitive distortion of Chinese college students.

Objective This study aimed to investigate whether anxiety mediates the relationship between negative life events and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents and whether this mediating role is moderated through social support. Methods The model consisted of an anonymous questionnaire survey of 506 Chinese adolescents (253 boys and 253 girls, mean age 15.11 years (SD = 1.83, range 11–18 years)). Self-designed questionnaires were used to collect demographic data. The frequency of NSSI, state anxiety, and social support degree of adolescents was assessed by the Adolescent Life Events Scale, the Chinese version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the social support scale, respectively. Results Negative life events were significantly and positively correlated with anxiety and the frequency of NSSI, and anxiety was significantly and positively correlated with the frequency of NSSI. The positive association between negative life events and the frequency of NSSI among adolescents was mediated by anxiety after controlling for demographic variables. Furthermore, this mediated relationship was moderated by social support. Conclusion Anxiety was a potential mechanism linking negative life events to NSSI in adolescents and low social support important risk factor for amplifying this indirect effect. Our findings provide an empirical basis for reducing NSSI in adolescents.

Purpose: The correlation between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and sleep has been found in previous observational research. Whether these relationships are causal or not is still unclear. This study employing two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) attempted to research the causal relationship between ASD and sleep. Methods: GWAS results were obtained for traits of sleep from the UK Biobank, consisting of Insomnia, Daytime sleepiness, and Sleep duration. The sleep duration data was split into two datasets: short sleep duration and long sleep duration.The GWAS result for ASD from Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC). For the primary method of this MR analysis, inverse-variance weighting (IVW) was used. Results: Long sleep duration (sleep duration ≥ 9 hours) was nominally connected with an enhanced likelihood of autistic spectrum disorder (OR = 24.018; 95%CI 1.830-315.096; P = 0.016), no reverse causality existing (OR = 0.996; 95%CI 0.971-1.021; P = 0.762). Our results showed no causal relationship between daytime sleepiness, insomnia, sleep duration, sleep duration < 7 hours, and autism spectrum disorders. Conclusion: This study suggested evidence for an adverse effect of long sleep duration on ASD risk. Improving sleep problems could alleviate the occurrence of autism spectrum disorders.