The leaf epidermis of 16 species and one putative species of Fritillaria was examined using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the stomatal and other epidermal features were constant within species. Epidermal cells of Fritillaria under LM were usually polygonal and anticlinal cell walls were straight or curved. In a few species they were irregular, with sinuous anticlinal cell walls. The cuticular membrane of Fritillaria was usually striated, and the wax ornamentations were flaked, granular or concomitant. Based on leaf epidermal characteristics, the subdivision of Fritillaria is discussed, and the statistical t-test method was used to ascertain the significance level of the differences in the stomata of each species. All orientations of the stomatal poles in Fritillaria were the same, and this phenomenon was named 'stomatal orientation'. The stomatal characteristics support the origin of section Fritillaria in China from two floristic elements.
The cemented rockfill is mixed with cement, water and the siltstone rockfill with a certain mixing proportion. To study the strength and stress-strain behavior of the cemented rockfill, two groups of triaxial tests are carried out under the saturated and consolidated-drained conditions. One group specimens don’t include cement while the other group specimens include. The test results show that the cemented rockfill is a kind of elastoplastic material and the structure of the cemented rockfill is forced due to the effect of cementation. Compared with rockfill, the initial tangent elastic modulus, strength and cohesion of the cemented rockfill increase apparently, the residual strength and internal friction angle of the cemented rockfill increase a little, the maximum volume strain of the cemented rockfill decreases apparently.
This paper studied the lime-fly ash bound macadam mixed with different proportions of lime fly-ash and aggregates which is often used in construction projects, analyzed the impacts of the aggregate content to the unconfined compressive strength, modulus of compressive resilience property with various lime content and is showed that dense skeleton lime-fly ash bound macadam reached the desirable strength property and had good effect on pavement performance Therefore, it is concluded that lime-fly ash bound macadam with desirable property, replacing fine aggregates is achievable, Test results show that coarse aggregate of lime fly-ash stabilized aggregate can form skeleton structure and has the advantage of high strength and other better material properties which can meet the requirements pavement.
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