The use of chemical admixtures for the improvement of the manufacturing process, as well as for the quality enhancement of elements and buildings, is a regular practice in standard high consistency concrete, both in ready-mix and in precast applications, but is still quite limited in the production of autoclaved aerated concrete (ACC). This is partially due to the difficulty of replicating the manufacturing process in the laboratory, which includes expansion and setting in the precuring stage, followed by the autoclave treatment at elevated temperature and pressure. This work presents a structured approach to the design of specific chemical admixtures for ACC, which started with the identification of suitable laboratory equipment, and test methods for the simulation of the production process of AAC. This was then expanded with the screening and selection of different chemical formulations, to end with the development of chemical admixtures tailored for the ACC. The results show that, by using these specific admixtures, the producers of AAC can accelerate the production process, thereby increasing the output of the plant; alternatively, when the increase in productivity is not an objective, the same admixtures can be employed to achieve a significant optimization in the composition of the mix. K E Y W O R D Sacceleration, chemical admixtures, precuring time, savings
Static var generator (SVG) basic principle and control method are introduced in the article, a direct current control method for SVG is put forward based on d-q transformation, this method is also analyzed from theory and made simulation model, the simulation results show that this control method is reasonable and effective.
Renewable energy today comprises wind, photovoltaics, geothermal, and biofuels. Biomass is the leading source of renewable, sustainable energy used for the production of liquid transportation fuels. While the focus is shifting today from the ethanol towards next generation or advanced biofuels the real challenge however remains the same: reducing the recalcitrance of biomass to deconstruction, which yields the sugars needed for further processing. NREL's Biosciences Center conducts studies of the fundamental nature of the plant cell wall; as well as those enzyme systems utilized in Nature to deconstruct it. These systems could be classified in two ways: the "free enzymes" and the "cellulosomes." Cellulosomes are self-assembling, multi-enzyme machinery that can include dozens and hundreds of catalytic domains and cellulose binding modules interconnected by linker peptides. We will present a structural overview of the biomass degrading enzymes from fungi using Trichoderma reesei and Penicillum funiculosum as examples. The bacterial cellulosome system discussed will be from a thermophile Clostridium thermocellum and bacterial free enzyme example will be the hyperthermophile, Caldicellulosiruptor bescii. To study these systems, we combined classical biochemistry and molecular biology, mass spectrometry, electron microscopy, high throughput robotics, macromolecular crystallography, and molecular dynamics. We seek to understand the properties and structure of biomass and plant cell walls, the structure-function relationships of the relevant hydrolytic enzymes, and the ways these enzymes interact with and alter the biomass during the degradation. Thorough understanding of the details of the molecular machinery at work has led to the development of improved enzyme cocktails that have reduced the cost of biomass conversion to renewable fuels so that today, this technology is becoming competitive with traditional fossil fuels.
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