BACKGROUND Travelers are always at risk of exposure to any new communicable or vector borne disease when they travel from one geographical area to another. This study was aimed to determine the risk perception about communicable and vector borne diseases among international travelers arriving to Islamabad from different regions of the world. OBJECTIVE Relatively little is known about how travelers know and perceive the health risks associated with travel and how they utilize preventive measures before and while traveling abroad. This study will assess the risk perception of international travelers about communicable and vector borne diseases which will help in decreasing global burden of diseases. METHODS 426 participants were included through convenient sampling. Tool to collect information was an already validated Questionnaire. Chi square test was applied to find out any significant association between dependent and independent variables. RESULTS The level of risk perception was calculated by summating scores of knowledge, attitude and practices of international travelers regarding communicable and vector borne diseases, out of 426 respondents only (53 %) had a high risk perception whereas (47%) had a low risk perception. A significant association was found between level of risk perception and gender x2 20.9, P-value = 0.000, level of education x2 42.9, P-value = 0.000, nationality x2 7.5, P-value = 0.006 and region of arrival of the passengers x2 26.2, P-value = 0.000. CONCLUSIONS The study results revealed that most of the travelers arrived at Islamabad Airport had a low risk perception about communicable and vector borne diseases that may lead to increase in burden on health care system in Pakistan as well as export of any new disease from Pakistan to other parts of the world where it does not exist already.
Chemotherapy is an essential part of a multimodal strategy in the treatment of many cancers. Chemotherapy-induced hair loss is believed to affect 65 percent of people. According to the study, chemotherapy-induced hair loss has been associated to anxiety, depression, a poor body image, low self-esteem, and a decreased sense of health. Objectives: To find out chemotherapy-induced alopecia distress levels among cancer patients' in Punjab's public and private hospitals. To find out the relationship between demographic variables and chemotherapy induced alopecia distress. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in public and private hospitals of Punjab, over the duration of 6 months, from October 2021 to March 2022. A sample of 323 respondents with the age range 19-54 was obtained. Data collection tool was adapted version of chemotherapy-induced alopecia distress scale (CASD). Frequencies and percentages of categorical variables were reported and Chi-square test was used to find out associations. Results: High distress level was 61% (n=196) while low distress level was 39% (n=127). Majority of the sample population consisted of participants belonging to age group 18-34 (n=146, 45.2%). Most of them were male 53% (n=173). Respondents diagnosed at stage2 had low distress level (54%) as compare to respondents who were diagnosed at stage3 and stage 4. Significant association (p-value ≤0.05) was found between Gender, family income, employment status, disease stage at diagnosis, number of chemotherapy cycles received and current active treatment. Conclusion: Chemotherapy-induced alopecia distress was associated with all of five domains i.e. physical, emotional, daily activities, relationships and treatment. To reduce the suffering caused by alopecia in cancer patients, appropriate therapies must be developed.
Objective: The objective was to study the muscle imbalance, restrictive motility in unlike gazes and the outcomes of the scleral buckling surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Study design: Prospective follow-up study Settings and duration: The study was conducted at Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital Rawalpindi from Aug 2015 to Jan 2016. Methodology: The patients were checked prior to surgery and two follow up visits were done afterwards. Thorough history was taken along with full orthoptic assessment and ocular motility in all four main gazes including elevation, depression, adduction and abduction. Vision, type and position of explants, site of detachment, and risk factors of detachment were also observed. Results: A total of 48 eyes of 46 patients were taken. Mean age of the study participants was 37.16±20.37 years. Horizontal, vertical and combined deviations were observed in study population. Exo deviation was most common deviation among patients. Most reported risk factors of retinal detachment included trauma, pseudophakia, aphakia and myopia. Motility limitations of all four gazes was observed and it was found out that after buckling the squint and restriction is been increased up till two months. Conclusion: Ocular restriction among the patients was observed over a period of 2 months and it depicted that encircling with sclera buckling elicited an increase in restrictive ocular motility from pre-operative to 1 week and 2 months after surgery.
Study objectives were devised to assess perceptions of women regarding importance of folic acid intake, to evaluate role of healthcare providers in counseling of women for folic acid intake, to find out association between perceptions of women with folic acid intake practices and with counseling of healthcare providers. Study Design: A cross sectional survey. Setting: Gynecology and Obstetrics Wards and OPDs of Tertiary Care and Teaching Hospitals of District Rawalpindi. Period: July-December 2016. Methodology: Study participants were approached by using convenient sampling technique and sample size was of 271 women of reproductive age. attending gynecology and obstetrics wards and OPDs of tertiary care and teaching hospitals of district Rawalpindi. After obtaining consent from institutional review board, an interview-based questionnaire was used as data collection tool. Results: Out of 271 women of childbearing age, 60% perceived the importance of folic acid intake in diet. The highest counseling contribution was from doctors (57.6%) while evaluation of role of healthcare providers was done regarding counseling. Those who had perceived importance of folic acid had a significant better intake (p = 0.03). There was a significant association between role of healthcare providers and perceptions (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Majority of women perceived importance of folic acid intake and doctors were playing a significant role in counseling of women regarding folic acid intake during pregnancy. Folic acid intake practices were significantly influenced by women's own perceptions and role of healthcare providers was a very important factor to direct perceptions of women.
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