Objective: To assess the job satisfaction among officers, working in Child Protection and Welfare Bureau ofPunjab (CPWB). Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Study conducted in 7 working Child Protection and Welfare Bureaus of Punjab,from Nov 2018 to May 2019. Methodology: There are 7 Child Protection and Welfare Bureaus in Punjab and 75 child protection officers all are selected for census data collection. The study has been done on child protection officers of Punjab. Results: Fifty three percent were male respondents and female were 47% while married respondents were40 (60%). Education status was postgraduate and M. Phil 18 (25%). Permanent employees were 40 (57%) andmostly (40%) had experience of work more than 10 years. Fifty seven percent (n=40) child protection officers were unsatisfied for nature of work. Sixty two (88.6%) were unsatisfied with their interpersonal relationships with co-workers. Thirty seven (52.9%) were unsatisfied due to their pay & allowances. Thirty eight (54.3%) wereunsatisfied from working environment. Thirty eight (54.3%) were unsatisfied from training. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study identified multiple factors that contribute to worker satisfaction. Whenadequate support is provided, there is a reduction in stress, which leads to higher levels of job satisfaction, andultimately retention of staff.
This study is conducted to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infection in patients presenting for cataract surgery and to see the pattern of liver function tests in hepatitis positive and negative patients. Design: Descriptive study, Setting and Period: The study was conducted from September 2015 to February 2016 at Al-Shifa eye hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Methods: All the patients presenting for cataract surgery were included in the study. Liver function tests were performed using automatic chemistry analyzer while hepatitis B surface antigen and antibodies to hepatitis C virus were checked using third generation ELISA. Results: A total of 315 patients were included in the study. Male to female ratio was 1.18:1. Out of these 315 cases, there were 45 (14.29%) patients who tested positive for hepatitis and all of these 45 cases were positive for anti-HCV antibodies with 18 (40%) males and 27 (60%) females, showing high predilection for female gender. Majority of patients, about 171 (54.29%), were in the age range of 21-40 years, followed by 57 (18.10%) patients in the age group of 40-50 years. The mean age of hepatitis positive patients was 33.33±13.37 years. Regarding liver function tests, the alanine transaminase levels (ALT) were 77.9 and 132 U/L in hepatitis negative and hepatitis positive patients respectively. Enzyme levels were 1.65 times higher in hepatitis positive patients than in hepatitis negative patients. Rest of the parameters was within normal limits. Conclusion: Hepatitis B and C virus infections are common cause of liver dysfunction in our country. Hepatitis C virus infection is more prevalent than Hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatitis infection can lead to raised ALT levels even when other parameters of liver function tests are within normal limits. Therefore, all patients who have raised ALT levels must undergo hepatitis screening.
BACKGROUND Travelers are always at risk of exposure to any new communicable or vector borne disease when they travel from one geographical area to another. This study was aimed to determine the risk perception about communicable and vector borne diseases among international travelers arriving to Islamabad from different regions of the world. OBJECTIVE Relatively little is known about how travelers know and perceive the health risks associated with travel and how they utilize preventive measures before and while traveling abroad. This study will assess the risk perception of international travelers about communicable and vector borne diseases which will help in decreasing global burden of diseases. METHODS 426 participants were included through convenient sampling. Tool to collect information was an already validated Questionnaire. Chi square test was applied to find out any significant association between dependent and independent variables. RESULTS The level of risk perception was calculated by summating scores of knowledge, attitude and practices of international travelers regarding communicable and vector borne diseases, out of 426 respondents only (53 %) had a high risk perception whereas (47%) had a low risk perception. A significant association was found between level of risk perception and gender x2 20.9, P-value = 0.000, level of education x2 42.9, P-value = 0.000, nationality x2 7.5, P-value = 0.006 and region of arrival of the passengers x2 26.2, P-value = 0.000. CONCLUSIONS The study results revealed that most of the travelers arrived at Islamabad Airport had a low risk perception about communicable and vector borne diseases that may lead to increase in burden on health care system in Pakistan as well as export of any new disease from Pakistan to other parts of the world where it does not exist already.
Objective: The objective was to study the muscle imbalance, restrictive motility in unlike gazes and the outcomes of the scleral buckling surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Study design: Prospective follow-up study Settings and duration: The study was conducted at Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital Rawalpindi from Aug 2015 to Jan 2016. Methodology: The patients were checked prior to surgery and two follow up visits were done afterwards. Thorough history was taken along with full orthoptic assessment and ocular motility in all four main gazes including elevation, depression, adduction and abduction. Vision, type and position of explants, site of detachment, and risk factors of detachment were also observed. Results: A total of 48 eyes of 46 patients were taken. Mean age of the study participants was 37.16±20.37 years. Horizontal, vertical and combined deviations were observed in study population. Exo deviation was most common deviation among patients. Most reported risk factors of retinal detachment included trauma, pseudophakia, aphakia and myopia. Motility limitations of all four gazes was observed and it was found out that after buckling the squint and restriction is been increased up till two months. Conclusion: Ocular restriction among the patients was observed over a period of 2 months and it depicted that encircling with sclera buckling elicited an increase in restrictive ocular motility from pre-operative to 1 week and 2 months after surgery.
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