The ATLAS Collaboration Silicon pixel detectors are at the core of the current and planned upgrade of the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. Given their close proximity to the interaction point, these detectors will be exposed to an unprecedented amount of radiation over their lifetime. The current pixel detector will receive damage from non-ionizing radiation in excess of 10 15 1 MeV n eq /cm 2 , while the pixel detector designed for the high-luminosity LHC must cope with an order of magnitude larger fluence. This paper presents a digitization model incorporating effects of radiation damage to the pixel sensors. The model is described in detail and predictions for the charge collection efficiency and Lorentz angle are compared with collision data collected between 2015 and 2017 (≤ 10 15 1 MeV n eq /cm 2 ).
The prototype Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) has been made for the ATLAS phase II upgrade. The beam-test results showed that its cluster size is larger than expected. To figure out the causes, we developed a new approach in simulating RPC which based on Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Suite. The influences from the surface resistivity of the graphite layer and other characteristics have been studied. Comparisons between the simulation data and the beam-tests results have also been performed.
K: Detector modelling and simulations II (electric fields, charge transport, multiplication and induction, pulse formation, electron emission, etc); Resistive-plate chambers; Gaseous detectors 1Corresponding author.
This study simulated and measured the attenuation in signal propagation in a Resistive-Plate Chamber (RPC) and analysed it as a loss of signal charge during propagation along the readout strip. The measurement results revealed a strong correlation between the quantified rate of attenuation in charge and the surface resistivity of the graphite layer of the RPC. The rates of attenuation in amplitude and frequency of the signal were also measured, following which the mechanism of attenuation in signal propagation was discussed. Potential methods to mitigate its effects were studied using simulations.
K: Detector modelling and simulations II (electric fields, charge transport, multiplication and induction, pulse formation, electron emission, etc); Resistive-plate chambers
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