Seiring dengan bertambahnya usia seseorang, kulit sebagai jaringan terluar dari tubuh manusia akan memberikan gambaran paling terlihat dari proses penuaan. Penuaan kulit dipengaruhi oleh dua faktor yaitu faktor intrinsik dan faktor ekstrinsik. Faktor intrinsik terjadi secara alamiah dan berkaitan dengan proses degenerasi seluler. Faktor ekstrinsik berkaitan dengan pajanan sinar matahari, rokok, dan polusi udara. Penyebab utama penuaan kulit akibat faktor ekstrinsik berupa pajanan kronik sinar ultraviolet dikenal sebagai photoaging. Tanda klinis photoaging dapat bervariasi, namun yang sering ditemukan berupa perubahan pigmentasi dan keriput. Saat ini telah tersedia lebih dari 100 instrumen penilaian penuaan kulit menggunakan fotografi, dermoskopi, dan alat diagnostik multifungsi namun masih belum ada yang dianggap sebagai baku emas. Tinjauan pustaka ini bertujuan untuk membahas berbagai instrumen penilaian photoaging yang sering digunakan dalam praktik klinis sehari-hari dan karakteristik dari masing-masing instrumen tersebut.
The phenomenon of “sensitive skin” is a relatively recent terminology in certain populations reporting sensory complaints that are more intense and more frequent than the normal population, especially after using cosmetic products. The incidence of sensitive skin is increasing along with the rapid widespread of skin care products availability. Various studies have been conducted but the pathophysiology of sensitive skin is still unclear. Physiological changes in sensitive skin are influenced by two main factors such as dysfunction in skin barrier and neurosensory. There are various quantitative sensory tests that can be done to determine skin sensitivity. Until now, there is no guideline for treating sensitive skin. Contributing factors, quantitative sensory tests, relation to skin diseases, and managements will be discussed in this literature review.Keywords: Dysfunction; Neurosensory; Sensitive skin; Skin barrier
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