Natural gas is distributed around Indonesia mainly to be used as fuel in electrical power plants. The increase of consumption of electricity in Indonesia is on average of 6.8% annually. In response, the government considers developing gas power plants in central parts of Indonesia. As an archipelago, Indonesia depends heavily in connectivity between islands which is obviously supported by seaborne vessels or ships. These facts make the LNG transportation a complex matter in Indonesia. The distribution of LNG by ship can be designed as a hub and spokes liner shipping. A single hub and spokes network has one hub port and several feeder ports. In LNG supply chain network, the hub is the liquefaction plant and the feeder ports are receiving terminals. Various optimization methods have been established to optimally utilize a fleet. Other than the cost-efficiency, there are other considerations in optimizing the fleet. One of the current trending considerations is the emission. In the past few years, concern about environment has been increasing. IMO released a number based on research that shows that maritime transportation has 2.7% contribution to global anthropogenic emission. The aim of this research is to determine the optimal fleet and its routes of an LNG shipping to minimize the CO2 emission while also minimizing the cost of LNG distribution in central part of Indonesia that covers South Eastern Sulawesi. Demand points are the power plants of Kendari, Baubau, Selayar, Bombana, and Kolaka with a total of 828 m3 daily needs for LNG. The cost calculation was done in a G-VRP framework which took emission into account. A method called Bin Packing Problem within the context of Vehicle Routing Problem was established to minimize the total distribution cost and emission for each cluster. After acquiring the best route and fleet option, this research compared and analysed the benefits of using conventional diesel engine and a dual fuel diesel engine scenario for the chosen vessel. The result of this optimization study shown that the transportation shall use one unit of type-A ships with a capacity of 1100 m3 for the routes Ambon-Bombana-Kolaka Utara-Ambon. And two units of type-B ship with a capacity of 2500 m3 for Ambon-Kendari-Ambon and Ambon-Baubau-Selayar-Ambon route. All ships use LNG as fuel. The total expense for this scenario is $2,980,768.63 and the use of dual fuel diesel engine instead of a conventional diesel engine for the ships can reduce the total costs by $2,434,348.97 or 44.95%.
Based on the map, parts of Gresik were known as coastal area. Condition of traditional vessel in development and application propulsion systems still use previous vessels as a references. Traditional vessel should follows Indonesia Classification Bureau (Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia or BKI) guidance, however Gresik traditional vessels hasn’t fulfill the BKI guidance. Hence, in this research aim to inventory shaft and propeller of traditional vessel and to calculate according the BKI. The research method is collect literature review, collect vessel data and calculate it according guidance. This research was carried out on vessel data collection in three sub-districts, namely Panceng sub-district, Ujung Pangkah sub-istrict and Gresik sub-district. There are 3 results in this research, the first one is minimum shaft diameter (Ds) which weren’t fulfill BKI guidance is Panceng Sub-district with 20% of 10 vessels. Second results is maximum bearings distance which weren’t fulfill BKI guidance is Panceng Sub-district with 40% of 10 vessels. And the last is all sub-district has fulfill minimum thickness 0,25 propeller radius (t0,25R ). Based on the results, importance applying BKI guidance should be introduced for owner or crew of gresik traditional vessels.
Smart manufacturing is mainly dealing with the collection of real time data using sensors and the data utilization to improve a system. In this study, important characteristics of smart manufacturing, which must be considered in shipbuilding are presented. Shipbuilding process itself consists of various complex operations, starting from the ship design until the delivery to customers. However, this paper only focuses on the production and control activities for the shipbuilding product. Some required smart technologies, such as augmented reality, big data, and smart sensors, are listed. Various optimization problems in shipbuilding process that utilizes the collected data are defined. In addition, strategies related with smart manufacturing concept, which are required to solve problems are addressed. Relations between the optimization problems and strategies are described, and expected increase in the company's productivity after the implementation of the smart manufacturing concept is discussed. In addition, suggestions for future researches are proposed.
Studi ini membahas tentang kajian ship-to-ship sebagai bagian dari rantai pasok liquified natural gas (LNG) untuk kebutuhan pembangkit listrik yang tersebar di Indonesia Bagian Timur (IBT). Keinginan pemerintah untuk memanfaatkan gas bumi dalam bentuk LNG sebagai bahan bakar alternatif pada pembangkit listrik yang telah ada maupun pembangkit yang telah ada di IBT memerlukan sarana dan prasarana berupa stasiun penerima maupun kapal-kapal LNG skala kecil. Salah satu kendala yang dihadapi untuk mendistribusikan gas dari sumber LNG ke pembangkit-pembangkit adalah LNG yang akan diambil dari kilang hanya dapat dilakukan oleh kapal besar karena fasilitas jetty yang pada awalnya memang didesain hanya dapat menerima kapal berukuran besar. Metode yang diusulkan pada studi ini adalah LNG diambil oleh kapal LNG berukuran besar yang dapat dilayani oleh jetty yang kemudian akan ditransfer ke kapal LNG yang berukuran kecil (small LNG vessel) melalui konsep ship-to-ship (STS) transfer. STS direncanakan dilakukan dimana LNG carrier berukuran besar ditambatkan dengan sistem penambatan tunggal, kemudian small LNG vessel berlabuh di sisi kapal LNG besar dengan bertambat pada 4 tali tambat. Pada dasarnya kajian STS ini terdiri dari dua tahap diantaranya adalah pemilihan lokasi STS dan analisa motion pada saat STS dilakukan. Ada 4 lokasi yang dipertimbangkan sebagai lokasi STS diantaranya adalah Fakfak, Manokwari, Namlea, dan Halmahera. Pada studi ini, kapal LNG ukuran 155.000 m 3 dan shuttle LNG vessel ukuran 3000 m 3 adalah objek dalam kajian STS pada studi ini. Analisa terhadap gerakan yang mungkin terjadi saat proses STS dilakukan dengan bantuan perangkat lunak MOSES. Teknik prediksi tiga dimensi (three-dimensional prediction technique) digunakan pada studi ini untuk memperkirakan floating body motions dalam short-crested seaway. Berdasarkan data lingkungan mengacu pada metocean data yang terdiri dari data angin, gelombang, dan arus, Fakfak terpilih sebagai lokasi terbaik untuk dilakukannya STS transfer dan hasil simulasi mendapatkan bahwa STS transfer di Fakfak aman untuk dilakukan selama proses STS transfer dilakukan pada tinggi gelombang 2m.
War room strategy is used to assess the effectiveness of marketing strategies in companies. In this study, important aspects of shipbuilding products from customer point of view are addressed. Moreover, a method to select marketing strategies, which are appropriate to improve the product aspects are proposed. During the development, the product's competitiveness must be assured. Thus, the product's aspects must be compared with its competitors and the comparison must be used as basis for improving the product's aspects using the marketing strategies. A set of existing marketing strategies, their effects to improve each product aspect, and limited resources for the improvement are considered. Some mathematical models are proposed to select the best marketing and product development strategies. The models represent the product development problem from various points of view, which are shown by the difference in models' objectives, constraints, and decision variables. The conformance of each model to deal with various situations is discussed.
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