Introduction Fatty acids and monoglycerides are two groups of lipid compounds that can be produced from vegetable oils or animal fats. Vegetable oil is a triglyceride compound, also known as triacylglycerol or glycerol triester, with the acyl group that comes from a fatty acid. The type of vegetable oil is determined by the kind of fatty acid that is bound to triglycerides. Triglycerides of vegetable oils comprises of certain major fatty acids with some other minor fatty acids. For example, the coconut oil Cocos nucifera L. , the castor oil Ricinus communis L. , the olive oil, the sunflower oil, the palm oil contains 54 lauric acid 1 , 93 ricinoleic acid 2 , oleic acids 3 , oleic and linoleic acid 4 and palmitic acid 5 , respectively. Some types of fatty acids such as EPA and DHA have essential functions in health such as reducing coronary heart disease risk factors, preventing certain cancers and im
Virgin coconut oil is obtained by wet processing of coconut milk using fermentation, centrifugation, enzymatic extraction, and the microwave heating method. Presently, VCO has several positive effects and benefits to human health, hence, it is regularly consumed and widely known as a unique functional food. VCO contains lauric acid (45 to 52 %). By lipase in the digestive system, VCO can undergo a breakdown into lauric acid, 1-monolaurin, and 2-monolaurin. These components have both hydrophilic and lipophilic groups and are also recognized as excellent antimicrobial lipids. Furthermore, lauric acid and monolaurin can be used as antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral with broad-spectrum inhibition. Lauric acid and monolaurin have a strong ability to destroy gram-positive bacteria, especially S. aureus, fungi such as C. Albicans, and viruses including vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and visna virus (VV). Lauric acid and monolaurin interact with certain functional groups located in the cell membrane and can cause damage to the cell. In general, the potential of VCO as healthy food is contributed by lauric acid and monolaurin which are antimicrobial agents.
Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang skrining fitokimia pada ekstrak daun flamboyan (Delonix regia. Raf). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui senyawa metabolit sekunder pada ekstrak daun flamboyan meliputi flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, tanin dan fenolik. Penelitian diawali dengan pembuatan ekstrak metanol, kloroform dan n-heksan daun flamboyan menggunakan metode maserasi. Masing-masing ekstrak selanjutnya dilakukan skrining fitokimia. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan semua ekstrak daun flamboyan mengandung flavonoid, alkaloid, tanin dan fenolik. Kandungan saponin tidak terdapat pada ekstrak kloroform dan n-heksan sedangkan hasil positif saponin terdapat pada ekstrak methanol daun flamboyan. Kata Kunci: Daun Flamboyan (delonix regia. Raf), Skrining Fitokimia, Metabolit Sekunder
Syntheses of N1-hydrogen and N1-benzoyl pyrazoline derivatives and their antibacterial in vitro and in silico assays have been carried out. N1-Hydrogen pyrazoline derivatives were synthesized by cyclization of 2’-hydroxy chalcone, and the subsequent substitution reaction produced N1-benzoyl pyrazoline derivatives. The in vitro antibacterial assay was carried out by disc diffusion method. In silico evaluation was performed via molecular docking against ecKAS III enzyme (ID PDB: 1hnj) and ADMET prediction was carried out using pkCSM tool. The synthesis results showed that N1-hydrogen and N1-benzoyl pyrazoline derivatives were yielded in 50-83%. Antibacterial test results indicated that the presence of N1-benzoyl substituent decreased the antibacterial activity and was only active on Gram-positive bacteria. In comparison, the N1-hydrogen pyrazolines exhibited good antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and negative bacteria. The ADMET result confirms that compound 2 has the potential to be evolved as a drug in the future. Keywords: Pyrazoline, Antibacterial, Molecular Docking, ADMET
Multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively-drug resistant (XDR) as a result
of continuous use of antibiotics encourage the development of new
antimycobacterial drugs. In this study, 13 flavonoid compounds from the
flamboyant leaf plant were studied for their inhibitory properties of
MtKasA, MtDprE, and MtPank which are significant enzymes in Mycobacterium
tuberculosis, as well as for their molecular docking, molecular dynamics,
and prediction of ADMET-drug likeness. The results of molecular docking
studies revealed that compound F13 (Apigenin) was the most potent compound
because it was able to bind the most amino acids as indicated by the native
ligand of each enzyme. Molecular dynamics studies showed that compound F13
forms a stable complex with MtKasA. The results of the ADMET-Drug Likeness
analysis concluded that compound F13 was the most promising compound.
Overall, compound F13 has the potential to be used as a treatment therapy
against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
The sunscreen test of fraction n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate of ethanol 96% flamboyant leaf (Delonix regia. Raf) extract had been performed. This research begins the extraction of a flamboyant leaf using 96% ethanol. Extraction used the maceration method. The extract is fractionation with some solvents such as n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. Each fraction was identified secondary metabolite and sunscreen test involving SPF, %Te, and %Tp measurement using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The result of phytochemical screening exhibited flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and phenolics in ethyl acetate fraction. n-hexane and chloroform fraction don't show saponins and flavonoid content. The sunscreen test shows that chloroform fraction has good protection power toward UV light with SPF, %Te, and %Tp value is 54.27±0.462, 7.46±0.473, and 12.83±0.047 in 250 mg/L, respectively.
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