Payment for Environmental Services (PES) is one of several schemes designed to conserve the environment by means of a market-based approach which also incorporate The PES framework and depends upon a number of criteria, namely: (a) A voluntary transaction where (b) a well defined environmental service [ES, or a land use likely to secure that service] (c) is being bought by a (minimum one) ES buyer (d) from a (minimum one) ES provider (e) if and only if the ES provider secures ES provision (conditionality). The case studies described are not perfect examples of PES, in thempayments have been made in ways that are not as simple as those described by the PES criteria. The article attempts to describe lessons learned from three case studies by comparing the principles of PES with other conservation approaches. As shown by these case studies, to make PES work, the government has an important role to play. An initial stage of payments, taxes, and subsidies could be seen as a rational step toward an increasing willingness to pay on an individual basis that will lead to conservation on a wider scale.
The effect of rural development in reducing the poverty gap and economic growth has not been much analyzed in recent studies. This study examines the effects of rural development (as calculated by using the Village Development Index, VDI) on poverty and economic growth. Precisely, poverty is measured by the depth of poverty (as measured by Poverty Gap Index, P1) and poverty severity (as measured by Poverty Severity Index, P2) using the aggregate data at the district level in Indonesia. Understandably, many factors influence the effort to reduce the poverty gap in rural areas, and it can be started by improving rural economic development. The result of this study indicates that regions with the VDI categorized as “self-sufficient” and “developed” villages have the potential to reduce the depth of poverty and poverty severity in its areas and to increase economic growth. In contrast, underdeveloped and very underdeveloped regions in their VDI category experienced a more significant gap in the depth and severity of the poverty. This result implies that the Indonesian government must accelerate and improve the development of rural areas, especially in less developed regions. Thus, a better rural development status will attract more opportunities to grow rural economic activities and improve the community welfare.
The COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns regarding the importance of food security and the agricultural sector. Experiencing positive growth in the Gross Domestic Product during pandemic, the agricultural sector is considered to be the most resilient sector. This study examines changes in the household pattern of food consumption and their current position on food security. It also analyses household adaptation to current health crises. We conduct an online survey from September to October 2020. The coverage areas of this survey are concentrated in Java Island and captured 1,499 households. We calculate the food security index to measure the behavioral changes of household on their food consumption pattern. The index indicates that the majority of households are food secure. However, households with food insecurity generally have multidimensional vulnerabilities on the effects of this pandemic. Our survey has indicated several activities of household resilience to cope with the increase of food prices during pandemic. Urban farming is one of the solutions to access food, and their concerns on food safety, food prices and stimulate the local economy are utmost reasons. People utilized their yards by cultivating short-lived vegetables in small pots or hydroponic method. Given these reasons, the yields of their products do not go to the commercial market, although the potential to enter this market is possible. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that the government can respond to the changes that occur in society as a time to support agricultural sustainability, particularly in expanding urban farming.
Comics are very interesting media for writers to share their messages to the wider community-one of the most popular comics in Indonesia today is Sang Kyai comic by Ahmad Faizin Karimi. The comic always brings laughter to the readers because it contains humor, and at the same time, presents social, religious, cultural, and economic criticism related to contemporary issues. This article examines assertive speech acts contained in the comic using Searle's theory by dividing speech acts into six parts. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The assertive speech acts found in the comic include telling, reporting, stating, predicting, and bragging.
Tulisan ini menyajikan gagasan tentang pendidikan dan pembelajaran berbasisi ICT. Pembelajaran berbasis ICT di era informasi merupakan keharusan sebagai akibat dari perubahan di bidang teknologi. Di era informasi sekarang pendidikan harus mampu memanfaatkan teknologi canggih sebagai sarana belajar dan mendidik SDM yang terampil berkomunikasi. Pendidikan berbasisi ICT ditandai dengan di manfaatkannya banyak teknologi informasi damn kominikasi dalam proses pembelajaran. Meskipun demikian penyelenggaraan berbasisi ICT tersebut memerlukan persyaratan terkait dengan ketersediaan infrastruktur, kemampuan pengembangan content, dukungan policy dan kemampuan masyarakat. Adapun teknologi baru dan tersedianya infrastruktur di yakini akan menjadi awalan untuk perubahan yang cepat di bidang pendidikan. Agar pemanfaatan ICT dapat benar-benar mewujudkan pembelajaran yang ungguldiperlukan upaya difusi secara terus menerus, karena pendidikan berlangsung sepanjang hayat dan tanpa akhir.
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