Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most important endocrinal diseases in reproductive age group, clinically manifested by hyperandrogenism and anovulation and different other metabolic disturbances that may have important implications for long-term health. Aim and Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of abnormal luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone (LH/FSH) ratio in women with polycystic ovary and to assess the influence of prolactin and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the elevated LH/FSH ratio. Study Design: Retrospective observational study. Materials and Methods: Eighty-five women in reproductive age diagnosed with PCOS between June 2012 to June 2014 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in a tertiary care hospital were selected for the study. Serum LH and FSH levels were determined and LH/FHS ratio (normal range ≤2) calculated in the study subjects. They underwent a detailed clinical, hormonal, and metabolic evaluation, which was performed between the second and third days of a natural or induced menstrual period. Results: Elevated LH/FSH ratio was found in 60 women (70.58%). Normal gonadotropin ratio was detected in 25 women (29.41%). Statistically significant differences in serum TSH levels were noted between groups with normal and elevated LH/FSH ratio. However, no statistically significant difference was noted in other endocrine parameters. Further analysis revealed a slight negative correlation of TSH with prolactin in the study subjects of PCOS with an ‘ r ’ value of − 0.3. Conclusions: LH/FSH ratio is one of the characteristic attribute of PCOS women. In the present study, this abnormality was detected in 70% of patients. Hypothyroidism was a common endocrinal abnormality and prolactin was inversely correlated to TSH levels in PCOS patients.

Open Access Original Article

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Background Determination of isolated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in asymptomatic individuals has not demonstrated sufficient sensitivity and specificity to be useful in the routine evaluation of prostate disease. To enhance the accuracy of serum PSA we have used a proportion of serum PSA and prostate volume, which we refer to as prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD). Prostate volume in this study was calculated using transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS). Materials and Methods A total of 106 patients with prostatic disease clinically confined to the prostate glands were evaluated. Results and Observation The mean PSAD for prostate cancer was 0.15 ± 0.01 while that for benign hypertrophy of the prostate (BPH) was 0.11 ± 0.02 (p < 0.05). Significant difference (p < 0.05) was noted in the prostate volume in these two groups with the mean prostate volume measured by TRUS in the BPH to be 53.85 ± 9.71 mL compared with 58.14 ± 7.48 mL in the carcinoma. PSA density of 0.13 ng/mL can be used as a cutoff for the individual in our set-up who should go for prostate biopsy with sensitivity and specificity of over 90%. Conclusion These results suggest that PSAD may be useful in distinguishing BPH and prostate cancer.

Fibromyalgia, the abnormal pain perception by an individual has a complex etiopathogenesis with multifactorial involvement. The current study was conducted in 39 clinically diagnosed cases of fibromyalgia in NEIGRIHMS shilling from September 2013 to March 2014. Data from the cases when compared with 25 numbers of age matched control revealed a nonsignificance of growth hormone in fibromyalgia with p value >0.05. The study also showed a significant difference in TSH concentration among cases and control as indicated by a p value of <0.05.