Increased bond strength of resin composite to hypomineralised enamel was obtained by pre-treatment of hypomineralised enamel specimens with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite with or without subsequent resin infiltration.

This study investigated the mechanical properties (hardness, compressive and diametral tensile strength) of two restorative reinforced glass-ionomer cements (GC Fuji IX GP and Miracle Mix). The mechanical properties of the two cements were compared after 1 day, 1 week and 1 month storage in distilled water at 37 degrees C. Hardness testing (VHN) was carried out with a digital microhardness tester (load = 50 g, dwell time = 30 s) and compressive/diametral tensile strength testing (MPa) was conducted based upon British Standard Specification for Glass-Ionomer Cements (BS 6039: 1981). Results were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA)/Scheffe's test and independent samples t-test (P < 0.05). Mechanical properties generally increased with time for both cements. Hardness at 1 day was significantly lower than that at 1 week and 1 month. No significance difference in compressive and diametral tensile strengths was observed between the different time intervals. After 1 month storage in water, no significant difference in hardness and compressive strength was observed between Fuji IX and Miracle. The diametral tensile strength of Fuji IX was, however, significantly greater than that of Miracle Mix at all time intervals. Fuji IX GP may serve as a potential substitute for Miracle Mix.

BackgroundParents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may have concerns with fluoride/silver content in silver diammine fluoride (SDF).AimTo compare parental acceptance of SDF and dental fear between children with and without ASD.DesignThree hundred parents were enrolled. Demographics, dental history, and dental fear were recorded. Subjects viewed an educational video and completed survey about SDF acceptance including the following: (a) overall acceptance, (b) aesthetic concerns by tooth location, (c) fluoride/silver concerns, and (d) its use as a general anaesthesia (GA) alternative. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were used.ResultsSignificantly, more children with ASD had dental fear (ASD: 56% vs neurotypical: 26%). No differences in acceptance existed between the two groups overall or with respect to aesthetics, fluoride/silver content, or as an alternative to GA. Overall acceptance is >60%. Regardless of group, parents of older children were less likely to accept SDF as an alternative to GA (OR = 0.67 [95% CI: 0.50‐0.90]).ConclusionParents of children with ASD had similar acceptance of SDF use compared to parents of neurotypical children. Children with ASD had higher levels of dental fear. Parents of younger children are more likely to accept SDF as an alternative to GA in both groups.

Despite development of new technologies for caries control, tooth decay in primary teeth remains a major global health problem. Caries risk assessment (CRA) models for toddlers and preschoolers are rare. Among them, almost all models use dental factors (e.g., past caries experience) to predict future caries risk, with limited clinical/community applicability owing to relatively uncommon dental visits compared to frequent medical visits during the first year of life. The objective of this study was to construct and evaluate risk prediction models using information easily accessible to medical practitioners to forecast caries at 2 and 3 y of age. Data were obtained from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) mother-offspring cohort. Caries was diagnosed using modified International Caries Detection and Assessment System criteria. Risk prediction models were constructed using multivariable logistic regression coupled with receiver operating characteristic analyses. Imputation was performed using multiple imputation by chained equations to assess effect of missing data. Caries rates at ages 2 y ( n = 535) and 3 y ( n = 721) were 17.8% and 42.9%, respectively. Risk prediction models predicting overall caries risk at 2 and 3 y demonstrated area under the curve (AUC) (95% confidence interval) of 0.81 (0.75–0.87) and 0.79 (0.74–0.84), respectively, while those predicting moderate to extensive lesions showed 0.91 (0.85–0.97) and 0.79 (0.73–0.85), respectively. Postimputation results showed reduced AUC of 0.75 (0.74–0.81) and 0.71 (0.67–0.75) at years 2 and 3, respectively, for overall caries risk, while AUC was 0.84 (0.76–0.92) and 0.75 (0.70–0.80), respectively, for moderate to extensive caries. Addition of anterior caries significantly increased AUC in all year 3 models with or without imputation (all P < 0.05). Significant predictors/protectors were identified, including ethnicity, prenatal tobacco smoke exposure, history of allergies before 12 mo, history of chronic maternal illness, maternal brushing frequency, childbearing age, and so on. Integrating oral-general health care using medical CRA models may be promising in screening caries-susceptible infants/toddlers, especially when medical professionals are trained to “lift the lip” to identify anterior caries lesions.