The development of new therapeutic modalities involves the use of drug carrier, such as liposomes, which can modify pharmacokinetic and bio-distribution of drug profile. Polyene antibiotics incorporation into liposomes improves its availability at the site, bio-distribution and therapeutic index mainly through the engulfment of liposomes by circulating monocytes/macrophages and transportation to the site of infection. Polyene antibiotics (AmB, SJA-95, HA-1-92) and other antibiotics (streptomycin, tobramycin, quinolones, anti-tubercular and anti-cancer drugs), liposomal preparations are described with possible advantages from therapeutic efficacy and toxicity point of view. The polyene macrolide antibiotics liposomal preparations proved to be more effective in the treatment of systemic mycosis. The AmB-cyclodextrin derivatives inclusion complex is a major breakthrough in liposomal preparation which can be converted into aqueous phase of liposome. Liposomal drug incorporated preparation has been one of the important areas of research for developing the existing polyene antibiotics into useful chemotherapeutic agents in clinical medicine. In recent past other antibiotics have also been incorporated into liposomes using wide variety of materials, phosphatidylethanolamine derivatives (pegylated liposomes, enzyme sensitive conjugates, fluidosomes of anti-cancer drugs and poly lactic/glycolic acid microspheres for anti-tuberculosis drugs). In addition, attempts were also made to extend the receptor mediated drug targeting and to review some relevant patents.
The purpose of the present investigation was to isolate embelin from the fruits of Embelia ribes Burm.f. Embelin was isolated from E. ribes fruit powder by cold and hot extraction with polar and non-polar solvents. The concentrated and dried extracts were washed with petroleum ether (60-80°C) to get crystalline embelin. The isolated embelin molecules were characterized by melting points, TLC, various spectral techniques such as Ultraviolet (UV), Infrared (IR), Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1HNMR), and Mass spectrometry (MS). Extraction with either chloroform or diethyl ether yielded bright orange coloured crystals in good yields. Spectral and chromatographic studies confirmed the isolated embelin to be pure. A simple maceration with chloroform was found to be most ideal for isolation of embelin. Our method completely eliminates the need for any column chromatography, as reported in literature. Hence, it is economical and has the potential for scale up.
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