During the years, a large number of formal studies have presented evidences of a positive impact of university R&D on firm performance in general and on the location of industrial R&D, in particular. The question is does it also work the other way around? Does industrial R&D function as an attractor for university R&D? What are the behavioural relationships between industrial R&D and university R&D and vice versa? The authors argue that spatial proximity should be measured using accessibility measures. Fur-thermore, accessibility measures can be used to model interaction opportunities at dif-ferent spatial scales: local, intra-regional and inter-regional. Against this background, the purpose of this paper is to analyse the locational relationship between industry R&D and university R&D in India using a simultaneous equation approach. The authors' results indicate that the location of industrial R&D is quite sensitive to the location of university R&D, and that the location of university R&D is sensitive to the location of industrial R&D.
Begomoviruses have either a monopartite (single DNA) or a bipartite (two DNA components: DNA-A and DNA-B) genome organization, infecting mostly dicotyledonous plants. The DNA-A of bipartite and the single component of monopartite begomoviruses contain five (sometimes six) Open Reading Frames (ORFs), one (AV1) or two (AV1 and AV2) in the viral sense (V-sense) strand and four (AC1 to AC4) in the complementary sense (C-sense) strand. Both the DNA-A and
Singh PN, Singh SK, Tetali SP, Lagashetti AC 2017 -Biocontrol of powdery mildew of grapes using culture filtrate and biomass of fungal isolates. Plant Pathology & Quarantine 7(2), 181-189, Doi 10.5943/ppq/7/2/12
AbstractGrapevine (Vitis spp.) is an important cash crop in India and powdery mildew is a common disease which causes severe loss in yield and quality of grapes. The disease is caused by the fungus Erysiphe necator (family Erysiphaceae). Cell-free culture filtrate and biomass of selected fungal isolates (Ampelomyces quisqualis, Trichoderma harzianum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were found to be effective for the prevention and control of powdery mildew of grape. The results of this study suggest that the tested fungal isolates have potential to be used as an alternative to chemical fungicides for the control of grape powdery mildew.
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