Surface treatment of metallic implants plays a crucial role in orthopedics and orthodontics. Metallic implants produce side-effects such as physical, chemical/electro-chemical irritations, oligodynamic/catalytic and carcinogenic effects. These effects cause bacterial infections and account for huge medical expenses. Treatment for these infections comprises repeated radical debridement, replacement of the implant device and intravenous or oral injection antibiotics. Infection is due to the presence of bacteria in the patient or the surrounding environment. The antibiotic-based medication prevents prophylaxis against bacterial colonization, which is an emphatic method that may otherwise be catastrophic to a patient. Therefore, preventive measures are essential. A coating process was developed with its drug infusion and effect opposing biofilms. Modification in the medical implant surface reduces the adhesion of bacterial and biofilms, the reason behind bacterial attachment. Other polymer-based and nanoparticle-based carriers are used to resolve implant infections. Therefore, using an implant coating is a better approach to prevent infection due to biofilm.
High Entropy alloys (HEAs) or Complex Concentrated Alloys (CCAs) or Multi-Principal Element Alloys (MPEAs) is a matter of interest to material scientists for the last two decades due to the excellent mechanical properties, oxidation and corrosion resistant behaviors. One of the major drawbacks of HEAs is their high density. Mg containing HEAs show low density compared to peers, although extensive research is required in this field. This chapter aims to include all the available information on synthesis, design, microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg containing HEAs and to highlight the contemporary voids that are to be filled in near future.
Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMSs) have already demonstrated their formidable impact on the global competitiveness of modern manufacturing industries. Adaptation of Flexible Manufacturing Technology (FMT) is considered essential to retain the competitive edge in the context of rapidly reducing half life of technologies and products. The study presents the Indian scenareo in this context. The potential of FMT diffusion in India is assessed with respect to the other leading global players.
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